Objective：To analyze the risk factors of postoperative pulmonary complication（PPC）in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery（VATS）under day surgery management model. Methods：The clinical data of 624 patients who underwent the surgery of thoracoscopic pulmonary nodules for the first time in the Rapid Rehabilitation Care Unit were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they developed PPC within one month after discharge：the PPC group and the non-PPC group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify independent risk factors，and a nomogram prediction model was constructed and internally validated. Results：A total of 209 patients（33.5%）developed PPC. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that days of postoperativie thoracic drainage tube placement（OR=1.478，95% CI：1.043- 2.094），drainage volume on the first day after surgery（OR=1.008，95%CI：1.006-1.011），and malignant pathological results（OR=1.564，95%CI：1.037- 2.359）were independent risk factors for PPC. The area under the ROC curve of the prediction model was 0.716（95%CI：0.673-0.760）， and the calibration curve based on the Hosmer-Lemeshow test had a P-value of 0.105，suggesting good discrimination and calibration of the prediction model. Conclusion：The days of postoperative thoracic drainage tube placement，the drainage volume on the first day after surgery and malignant pathological results are independent risk factors for PPC in patients undergoing VATS under day surgery management model. The prediction model constructed based on these factors shows good discrimination and calibration，providing a basis for personalized prevention and treatment of postoperative PPC.