Obstructive sleep apnea（OSA）is a potentially fatal sleep - related respiratory disease that can lead to serious health complications. The prevalence of OSA in women varies by life stages，especially increasing significantly during pregnancy and after menopause. Its pathophysiological mechanism involves anatomical，physiological and hormonal changes，resulting in different clinical manifestations from men. Accordingly，this article reviews the research status of female obstructive sleep apnea，including epidemiology，pathophysiological mechanisms，diagnosis and evaluation，treatment and management. This review aims to provide new ideas for optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of female OSA.