Esophageal cancer is a gastrointestinal malignancy with a high incidence and poor prognosis worldwide，with about 40% of cases concentrated in China，and the 5 - year survival rate is less than 20% . Traditional imaging methods exhibit significant limitations in precision diagnosis and treatment. In contrast，PET/CT radiomics -through high -throughput extraction and analysis of tumor morphological，metabolic，and textural features-provides a novel perspective for accurate staging，dynamic therapeutic response monitoring，and individualized prognosis prediction in esophageal cancer. This article systematically reviews the research progress of 18F -FDG PET/CT radiomics in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer，discusses its potential -integration with genomics and dosiomics，and looks forward to the future development direction，in order to provide more comprehensive theoretical support for clinical translation.