Objective:To explore the changes and clinical significances of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 serum level in multiple myeloma(MM). Methods:The serum levels of VEGF and IL-6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 30 patients with MM. The relationship between the increased serum levels of these two cytokines and MM clinical stage as well as therapic effect was studied. Results:The MM patients had significantly higher VEGF and IL-6 serum levels than the control(P < 0.001). Serum level of VEGF and IL-6 were elevated and correlated with clinical stages. VEGF were highest(mean 327.65 pg/ml) in stage Ⅲ,and there was significant difference(P < 0.001) of the VEGF serum levels between stageⅠand stageⅡ. IL-6 levels increased progressively according to clinic stages and it had significant difference among stages respectively(P < 0.01). The IL-6 and VEGF serum levels were higher in patients with the abnormal Hb and beta2-MG(P < 0.05). No correlation was found between the serum VEGF level and percentage of bone marrow plasma cells and monoclonal Ig levels. Conclusion:An elevated serum level of VEGF and IL-6 was associated with a poor prognosis. The two cytokines might be useful in monitoring the disease progression and triggering the targeted MM therapies.