Objective:To investigate the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO) on the hemoglobin(Hb) levels of anemic malignancy patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods:151 malignancy patients who received chemotherapy were randomly divided into 3 groups: the common therapy group,received rhEPO 10 000 U three times per week for 8 weeks;the high-dose induction therapy group, received rhEPO 20 000 U s.c. per day on d3~d8,and then rhEPO 10 000 U s.c. three times per week;the control group,received other managements similar to rhEPO therapy. Results:The mean Hb level of the high-dose group increased by 2.6 g/L in two weeks with the therapy of rhEPO(P = 0.000),and higher than that of the common therapy group by 2.9 g/L,but there was no statistic significance in Hb between the two groups(P = 0.053); On the 3rd and 4th week,the mean Hb level of high-dose group reached 3.8 g/L and 3.4 g/L, higher than that of the control group(P = 0.048 and 0.029, respectively);the high-dose group, compared with the common group, had a higher level of Hb at the 5 th,6 th,7 th and 8 th week, although they had no statistic difference in Hb levels(P > 0.05). Compared with that of the control group,the mean Hb level of rhEPO therapy group had more steadily increased since the 3rd week(P < 0.01). Conclusion:rhEPO can effectively treat the anemic malignancy patients receiving chemotherapy. Compared with the common therapy,the high-dose therapy can more quickly improve the mean Hb level of malignancy patients, but both of them have no significant difference in later period.