Objectives:To investigate the method of preparing a new acellular tissue scaffold of porcine thoracic aorta. Methods: One hundred and fifty fresh thoracic aorta specimens from chinese experiment swine with similar body weight were divided into five groups: fresh thoracic aorta group, decellularisation group with ultrasound wave(90 kW) and TritonX-100, decellularisation group with ultrasound wave(135 kW) and TritonX-100, decellularisation group with ultrasound wave(180 kW) and TritonX-100 and decellularisation group with TritonX-100. The histopathology and microstructure of these processed aortic tissues were studied with light microscope and scanning electronic microscope. As biomarkers of extracellular matrix, laminin and fibronectin on the processed tissue specimen were stained with immunohistochemical methods. In addition, the biomechanic properties and heat shrinkage properties of tissue specimen in each group were studied and compared. Results:In the acellular scaffold group prepared with ultrasound wave and TritonX-100, cells could be removed thoroughly,tissue structure and biomechanics were normal, and conservation of LN and FN was better than traditional chemical decellularisation methods. Conclusion:The new tissue scaffold prepared with ultrasound wave and TritonX-100 would be better than that with traditional chemical decellularisation methods. It could be a superior method in processing acellular thoracic aortic scaffold.