Objective:To investigate the osteogeneous effect of recombinant retrovirus pLXSN/VEGF165 transfection on human marrow stroma cells(hMSCs). Methods:hMSCs isolated from health volunteers,cultured and purified in vitro were randomly divided into 4 groups. In retrovirus pLXSN/hVEGF165 group,recombinant retrovirus pLXSN/hVEGF165 was added into culture medium (1×1010 OPU/ml) and incubated for 24 h. In retrovirus pLXSN group,recombinant retrovirus pLXSN was added to take the place of retrovirus pLXSN/hVEGF165. In positive control group,dexamethasone (1 nmol/L),glycerophosphate (10 mmol/L) and ascorbic (50 mg/L) were added into culture medium for 2 weeks. In blank control group,no special treatment was administrated. Two weeks after treatment,VEGF expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry,calcified nodes of hMSCs in each group were tested by Von Kossa stain and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of culture medium in each group was detected. Results:hMSCs were uniform spindle-shape fibroblast after several passages. After treatment,hMSCs in retrovirus pLXSN/hVEGF165 group and positive control group gradually showed flat shape,but did not in retrovirus and blank control group. The level of VEGF expression in retrovirus pLXSN/hVEGF165 group were higher than the others,Von Kossa stain demonstrated that red bone collagen notes of hMSCs in retrovirus pLXSN/hVEGF165 group and positive control group were significantly more than that in retrovirus pLXSN and blank control groups. Similarly,ALP of culture medium in retrovirus pLXSN/hVEGF165 group and positive control group were significantly higher than those in retrovirus pLXSN group and blank control group. Conclusion:Recombinant of retrovirus pLXSN/hVEGF165 gene can transfect hMSCs and promote osteogenesis of hMSCs.