Objective:To explore the correlation between erythrocyte parameters and gestational diabetes mellitus in early non anemic pregnant women,and to provide the reference for early clinical prediction. Methods:The prospective study was conducted in 1 342 cases of pregnant women from July 1,2012 to December 31,2012. All subjects were randamly divided into A,B,C,D group. All pregnant women received blood routine examination. The relationship between pregnancy and Hb,RBC,GDM HCT,and the independent risk factors of pregnancy GDM were analyzed. Results:Before 14 weeks of gestation GDM of group D was significantly higher than the other three groups (P < 0.05);while in RBC,the incidence rate of GDM in group C and D was higher than that in group A and B(P < 0.05);The incidence of HCT in GDM of group B,C and D was significantly higher than that in group A (P < 0.05),but there are no significant difference among group B,C and D(P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational 14 weeks Hb,RBC and HCT levels are independent risk factors of GDM occurrence. Conclusion:Different red blood cell parameters in pregnant women before 14 weeks was closely related to the rate of GDM,GDM incidence, and increase with the increase of Hb,RBC,HCT significantly;and Hb,RBC,HCT are independent risk factors for GDM,so red blood cell parameters could be the main indexes to predict pregnancy GDM.