Objective:To explore the effects of MnTBAP on puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephrotic rats. Methods:A total of 24 male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into the following groups(n=8 for each group):the control group,the PAN group(one single dose-150 mg/kg of PAN was injected into rats by tail-vein injection)and the MnTBAP-treated group[on the day with injection of PAN,the rats were treated with a daily intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/(kg·d) MnTBAP for 14 days]. Twenty-four hours urinary protein excretion was detected by the Bradford protein assay. The ultrastructure of glomerular potocyte was observed by the transmission electron microscope. Nephrin and podocin expression levels were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot. Results:①24 hours urinary protein excretion and the renal index of PAN group were significantly increased compared to those of the control group(P < 0.01),while the 24 h urinary protein and renal index of the MnTBAP-treated group was lower than those of the PAN group (P < 0.01). ②The transmission electron microscope results showed that glomerular podocyte in the PAN group fused and disappeared widely,but it markedly alleviated after MnTBAP treatment. ③Real-time PCR showed that the expression of nephrin and podocin in the PAN group were reduced in comparison to those of the control group(P < 0.01),which was restored by MnTBAP treatment(P < 0.01);④Western blot showed that the expressions of nephrin and podocin in the PAN group were reduced in comparison to those of the control group(P < 0.01),which was restored by MnTBAP treatment(P < 0.01). Conclusion:MnTBAP could decrease urinary protein and podocyte injury in PAN-induced nephrotic rats.