Objective: To detect the serum levels of retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) in the short-time (8 weeks) after duodenal-jejunal anastomosi (DJA) surgery and duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery for type 2 diabetic rats，and attempt to explore theoretical basis and mechanisms of surgical treatment in type 2 diabetes. Methods: Type 2 diabetic rats were divided into the DJA surgery group (n=10), the DJB surgery group (n=10) and the sham surgery group (n=10). Weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and RBP-4 level were measured before and after treatment. The glucose metablolism and insulin resistance before and after operation were evaluated. GLUT-4 level was detected at the 8th week after surgery. Results: Compared with the sham surgery group, the DJB and DJA groups showed decreased fasting blood glucose, reduced area under oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) curve, improved insulin resistance, decreased BRP-4 level, and increased GLUT-4. Conclusion: DJA and DJB operation could significantly improve the glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity of type 2 diabetic rats, which were independent of the weight loss, but related to decreased RBP-4 and increased GLUT-4 in skeletal muscle.