Objective：To observe the effect of negative balance fluid therapy during early postoperative phase on patients undergoing liver transplantation. Methods：One hundred and sixteen patients who received orthotropic liver transplantation in the hospital were randomized into an experimental group（60 cases）receiving negative balance fluid therapy and a control group（58 cases）receiving routine venous transfusion . We observed the recovery of liver function after surgery，the time of the postoperative recovery，the length of hospital stay， the volumes of patients’ ascites，pulmonary complications and other postoperative adverse events. Results：In the experimental group，the time of the postoperative recovery and the length of hospital stay were shorter than those in the control group，the volumes of patients’ ascites and pulmonary complications were significantly less than those in the control group. Liver function after surgery is better than control group. All the differences reached statistical significance（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：To the patients，negative balance fluid therapy is safe and effective，and this measure can accelerate the postoperative recovery of these patients. This measure can play an active role in ERAS （enhanced recovery after surgery） treatment.