Objective：This study aims to investigate the effect of inflammatory factors on renal injury in periodontitis model of mice. Methods：High or low fat diet-induced periodontitis models of mice were established. Mice were divided into high fat diet without periodontitis group（High+NCPre），high fat diet with periodontitis group（High+Pre），low fat diet with periodontitis group（Low+Pre），low fat diet without periodontitis group（low+NCPre）. The changes of serum total protein，albumin and creatinine in mice were observed. The protein levels of TGF-β1/Samd6 signaling pathway related proteins，MMP-2，MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were detected by Western blot. Changes of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）and interleukin-6（IL-6）levels were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Results：Mice fed with high fat diet were significant obesity at the 20th week. Compared with those in Low+NCPre group，the levels of total protein and albumin in serum were significantly decreased in High+NCPre group and High+Pre group（P < 0.05）；MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression in kidney were significantly decreased （P < 0.05）；serum creatinine，TNF-α and IL-6 were increased （P < 0.05）；The TIMP-1 protein expression in kidney was significantly increased in High+NCPre group and High+Pre group（P < 0.05）. The expression of TGF-β1 protein（P < 0.05）was increased，levels of Samd6 and E-cadherin protein were inhibited in kidney of High+NCPre group and High+Pre group（P < 0.05）. Compared with those in High+NCPre group，total protein and albumin in High+Pre group were significantly decreased（P < 0.05）；inflammatory factor levels of TNF-α and IL-6，MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression decreased；serum creatinine，TGF-β1 and TIMP-1 proteins in kidney increased（P < 0.05）；expression of Samd6 and E-cadherin proteins in kidney decreased（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：Periodontitis aggravates the renal injury of obese mice，which may promote renal fibrosis，inhibit the degradation of extracellular matrix，and promote the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating TGF-β1/Samd6 signaling pathway .