Objective：To observe the changes of glutamic amino acid （Glu）and γ-aminobutyric amino acid （GABA）content in the hippocampus of rats in 30 minutes after an epileptic seizure induced by pentrazole （PTZ），and explore the termination mechanism of epilepsy. Methods：Acute epileptic seizures model of SD male rats were induced by PTZ kindling. The model rats were killed immediately or 5，10，15，20，25 and 30 minutes later when the epileptic seizures occurred and reached the level of Ⅳ~Ⅴ. The heads of the rats were cut and the hippocampuses were taken out for detections of the Glu and GABA contents in the hippocampus using high performance liquid chromatography. A normal control group was established via normal saline hypodermic injection. Results：Compared to the normal control group，the levels of Glu content in the hippocampal tissues were higher （P < 0.05）in the model rats 0，5，10，15，20 or 25 minutes after the epileptic seizure reached the level of Ⅳ~Ⅴ symptoms，and the differences were statistically significant（P < 0.05）. The Glu content in the 25 min group indicated the peak value，followed by a decline. The Glu content has no significantly difference between the 30 min group and the normal control group （P > 0.05）. The level of GABA content rose significantly in the 5 min group（P < 0.05），and subsequently began to decline，it came to the minimum value in the 10 min group，but began to rise slowly and progressively in the 15，20 and 25 min group，and to reach its peak（P < 0.05），then followed by a decline. Conclusion：The research reveals the change rules of Glu and GABA contents over the time after epileptic seizure，and a dynamic balance between the Glu and GABA contents is one of the factors that lead to the termination of epilepsy.