Objective：To explore the relationship between climate change and the incidence of acute aortic dissection（AAD），so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of AAD. Methods：The clinical data of 822 patients with AAD admitted to three hospitals in Nanjing during January，2012–December，2017 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The incidences of AAD in different seasons and months were compared. The monthly meteorological data of Nanjing were collected and correlated to the incidence of AAD using Spearman rank correlation program，and the correlation between meteorological factors was also analyzed. By using the generalized additive model of the Poisson distribution，the relationship between climate change and the incidence of AAD was explored. The relations between the results derived from time series prediction model and the actual number of AAD cases were assessed. Results：The proportion of AAD and its A and B types was higher in December and January. The lowest incidence of total AAD and type B occurred in August，while the lowest of AAD type A was in June. The generalized additive model showed an increase in the incidence of AAD as the mean air pressure increased（RR=1.04，95%CI=1.03~1.05，P < 0.000 1）. Along with the average 2 minute wind speed increased，the incidence of AAD became lower（RR=0.66，95%CI=0.46~0.94，P=0.03）. Conclusion：There is a certain correlation between the incidence of AAD and some specific climatological indicators. When the average air pressure increases，the AAD incidence increases; when the average 2 minute wind speed increases，the AAD incidence decreases.