Stroke is one of the major causes of disease-induced death and disability in adults，and ischemic stroke is the main type. With the maturity of thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy，the mortality rate of stroke has decreased year by year，but most of the survivors may develop into patients with chronic dysfunction. Unfortunately，there is a lack of clinical drugs to promote functional repair after stroke. The expression of miR-124 changes in peripheral blood and brain tissue after ischemic stroke. The miR-124 is widely involved in the processes of oxidative stress，neuroinflammation，apoptosis and neural differentiation via targeting regulatory genes and regulating pathological processes. In this paper，it was reviewed the research progress on the role and mechanism of miR-124 in cerebral ischemia injury and repair after stroke .