Objective：To investigate the changes of serum liver and kidney function and blood lipid indexes in obese patients within one year after metabolic surgery（MS）. Methods：A retrospective analysis was performed on 119 patients who received metabolic surgery（MS） in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Venous blood samples were collected for serum biochemical tests before and immediately，1，3，6 and 12 months after the surgery，respectively. Results：The preoperative levels of alanine transaminase（ALT），aspartate aminotransferase（AST），alkaline phosphatase（ALP），L-γ-glutamyl transpeptidase（GGT），triglyceride（TG），glucose（GLU） and uric acid（UA） were positively correlated with body mass index（BMI）（r = 0.289，0.309，0.285，0.245，0.125，0.203 and 0.360，P < 0.05），while high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） level was negatively correlated with BMI （r = -0.284，P < 0.05）. ALT，GLU，GGT and TG levels decreased significantly after surgery at different time（ALT：3 months; GGT，TG，GLU：1 month）. One year after operation，each index was significantly lower than that before operation（P < 0.05）. The postoperative level of HDL-C gradually increased with time， and significantly increased 6 months after operation（P < 0.05）. Conclusion：MS can change most biochemical indicators in a short term and effectively improve liver function and reduce blood lipid levels of obese patients.