Objective: To investigate the effect of application of case-based learning in the course of ophthalmology teaching. Methods: The content of ophthalmology was divided into two parts, one part was experimental group which taught by case-based learning, and the other part was control group by traditional instructing. Then, a contrast of teaching effect was made between two groups. Results: There was no statistical significance in theory examination score while there were statistical significances in case analysis score and evaluation of teaching effect between two groups. Conclusion: Case-based learning has more advantages than traditional instruction, specifically on improving quality of students.