Objectives:To learn about the disease cognition and health behaviors among patients with hypertension in prison, so as to clarify the risk factors of hypertension and the prevention measures. Methods: A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate all the patients’ disease cognition and health behaviors, as well as physical examinationsin a prison. The Pearson chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Totally, 300 cases of patients with hypertension had a good overall awareness of the disease. The hypertension disease was highly correlated to smoking (χ2=56.43, P < 0.001), drinking (χ2=299.63, P < 0.001), BMI≥24 (χ2=89.71, P < 0.001), sleeping for less than 6 hours a day(χ2=69.36, P < 0.001), lack of exercise (χ2=32.67, P < 0.001), poor diet (too much sodium, etc.) (χ2=126.96, P < 0.001), depression, stress and anxiety (χ2=235.63, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The hypertension disease among patients in prison was related to health behavior, BMI, etc. Related suggestions were put forward: to strengthen health education and health promotion, to increase exercise and control weight index (BMI), to relieve mental pressure to maintain psychological balance.