Objective: To explore the features of marital attachment types of elderly people under the background of Chinese culture, and to compare their effects on mental health. Methods: By combining convenient sampling and home visiting, 260 elderly people were investigated by the questionnaires of loneliness and marital attachment of husband and wife. Results: ①The elderly loneliness with an average score of 1.95, which was low in the overall level; regional difference, living status and income level had a significant effect on it. Among them, the income level of city living, social as well as higher could reduce the loneliness of elderly people. ②The cluster analysis showed that the elderly couple attachment mode was divided into three types, including secure, anxious and avoidant types, and most elderly couples were secure type. ③By using the sense of loneliness as a mental health indicator, we found that the elderly couple attachment types had a significant effect on the sense of loneliness, and the index of secure score was the lowest. The other two types had no difference. Conclusion: It is important for the realization of active aging to form the elderly people safe attachment mode and improve their mental health level.