Objective： To build a scientific and operable performance system for public hospitals by using Delphi method. Methods: This study operated two rounds of Delphi surveys in filtering and optimizing performance indicators after reviewing worldwide hospital performance systems and built an initial scale by the results of the questionnaire. Results: This paper built an evaluation system composed of 3 first?degree indicators of social benefit, quality safety（QS） and operating efficiency as well as 13 second?degree indicators and 72 third?degree indicators. Conclusion: The performance system built in this paper focuses on the commonweal character and the inherent quality of public hospitals. Thus, this study provides the basis for developing better performance evaluating systems for public hospitals in China.