Objective:To evaluate the correlation of KIR3DS1 alleles,environmental factors with the progression of HIV-1 infection in Chinese population. Methods:In total,86 cases of newly reported HIV/AIDS were recruited from people receiving voluntary counseling and testing(VCT). KIR3DS1 genes was assessed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Meanwhile,questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the environmental information. Results:Cox regression analysis showde that, compared with non-antivirus treatment group, the risk ratio (RR) of antivirus treatment was 0.217(95%CI =0.098~0.480). Conclusion:Antivirus treatment can delay the progression to AIDS,and KIR3DS1 gene may potentially be associated with slower progression to AIDS in Chinese population.