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第44卷第1期                     赵晓斌,秦亚娟,厉廷有. HClO双光子荧光探针研究进展[J].
                  2024年1月                     南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2024,44(01):115-122                       ·121 ·


                荧光团的“推⁃拉”电子效应,使其仅产生微弱的黄色                               LANDEROS M,et al. Glutathione participation in the pre⁃
                荧光。当在 HClO 存在下,HCP 结构中的苯环通过                            vention of cardiovascular diseases[J]. Antioxidants,
                氯化反应生成 HCP⁃Cl,改变分子间的电子效应,实                             2021,10(8):1201-1220
                现蓝移,荧光发射增强。HCP⁃Cl 在 800 nm 激发态                   [4] KIM K H,KIM S J,SINGHA S,et al. Ratiometric detec⁃
                                                                       tion of hypochlorous acid in brain tissues of neuroinflam⁃
                条件下拥有最大双光子吸收截面(13.4 GM)。HCP
                                                                       mation and maternal immune activation models with a
                双光子性质良好、选择性好、稳定性好、响应速度快
                                                                       deep ⁃ red/near ⁃ infrared emitting probe[J]. ACS Sens,
               (约5 s)、细胞毒性低。HCP可以实时跟踪活细胞中
                                                                       2021,6(9):3253-3261
                的HClO。HCP可以透过血脑屏障,对癫痫模型小鼠
                                                                 [5] LOU Y,WANG C X,CHI S Y,et al. Construction of a two⁃
                活体脑中 MPO 产生的 HClO 进行高灵敏检测成像,
                                                                       photon fluorescent probe for ratiometric imaging of hypo⁃
                且不受其他物质干扰。该团队通过使用HCP,构建                                chlorous acid in alcohol ⁃ induced liver injury[J]. Chem
                了一种高通量筛选方法,可以快速筛选潜在的抗癫                                 Commun Camb Engl,2019,55(86):12912-12915
                痫药物来控制MPO介导的氧化应激反应。                              [6] CHEN J,LU Y,WU Y,et al. De novo design of a robust

                                                                       fluorescent probe for basal HClO imaging in a mouse Par⁃
                                               Cl
                   N                                                   kinson’s disease model[J]. ACS Chem Neurosci,2021,
                                             N
                         N    N     HClO            N   N              12(21):4058-4064
                         H     CN
                           N                       N  N  CN      [7] SHAO C W,YUAN J W,LIU Y N,et al. Epileptic brain
                         H   CN                    N   CN
                        HCP                      HCP⁃Cl                fluorescent imaging reveals apigenin can relieve the
                                                                       myeloperoxidase ⁃ mediated oxidative stress and inhibit
                         图11 HCP化学结构及其反应机制
                Figure 11  Chemical structure and reaction mechanism of  ferroptosis[J]. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA,2020,117(19):
                         HCP                                           10155-10164
                                                                 [8] LIU S Z,XU J H,MA Q J,et al. A naphthalimide⁃based
                                                                       and golgi⁃targetable fluorescence probe for quantifying hy⁃
                5 结论和展望
                                                                       pochlorous acid[J]. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol
                    综上所述,本文介绍了近年来用于 HClO 成像                            Spectrosc,2023,286:121986-121993
                的双光子荧光探针,重点介绍了它们的响应机制及                           [9] SAMANTA S,GOVINDARAJU T. Unambiguous detec⁃
                应用。根据 C=N 裂解响应机制构建的 HClO 探针                            tion of elevated levels of hypochlorous acid in double
                                                                       transgenic AD mouse brain[J]. ACS Chem Neurosci,
                在疾病模型中具有更深远的意义,部分探针可以对
                                                                       2019,10(12):4847-4853
                活体疾病模型小鼠成像。相比之下,由C=C裂解机
                                                                 [10] LI S J,WANG P P,YANG K,et al. Construction of HClO
                制、酮和硫化物构建的探针在组织成像和疾病模型
                                                                       activated near⁃infrared fluorescent probe for imaging he⁃
                中的应用较差,仅停留在组织或者斑马鱼体内HClO
                                                                       patocellular carcinoma[J]. Anal Chim Acta,2023,1252:
                成像。大多数探针在几秒钟内对 HClO 作出反应,
                                                                       341009-341017
                检测下限达到nmol/L 级。由于HClO 在复杂的生物                     [11] ZHANG Z H,LI C C,QU J B,et al. A novel and fast⁃
                环境中含量低、寿命短,一些HClO探针的选择性需                               responsive two ⁃ photon fluorescent probe with modified
                要进一步提高。因此迫切需要设计更高灵敏度和                                  group for monitoring endogenous HClO accompanied by a
                更好选择性的探针。                                              large turn⁃on signal and its application in zebrafish ima⁃
                                                                       ging[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spec⁃
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               [3] MATUZ ⁃ MARES D,RIVEROS ⁃ ROSAS H,VILCHIS ⁃   [14] KE J,ZHAO P X,LI J F,et al. Visualization of HClO in
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