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第45卷第10期                           南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
                 2025年10月                   Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences)     ·1375 ·


               ·专题研究:神经退行性疾病·

                丰富环境改善5×FAD小鼠社会行为障碍



                王乙淼,王 泽,佘雨竹,张艳丽 ,肖 明                *
                                            *
                南京医科大学江苏省神经退行性疾病重点实验室,江苏                    南京 211166




               [摘   要] 目的:阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种逐步进展且不可逆的神经退行性疾病,其主要病理特征包括β⁃淀
                粉样蛋白(β⁃amyloid protein,Aβ)的异常沉积、胶质细胞的过度活化、突触损伤以及髓鞘功能的损害。丰富环境(enriched
                environment,EE)作为一种非药物干预手段,因其对神经可塑性的潜在促进作用而受到广泛关注。然而,EE在AD早期阶段对
                社会行为以及相关神经病理学影响的研究仍存在不足。本研究利用5×FAD小鼠模型,系统探讨了EE对AD早期病理进展的
                影响,为EE在AD 防治中的应用提供新的证据支持。方法:将2月龄5×FAD 小鼠随机分配到标准环境(standard environment,
                SE)组或EE组,每笼5只,在相应的饲养环境中持续饲养4周,随后进行Y迷宫实验、旷场实验、高架十字迷宫实验和三箱社交
                实验的行为学检测。随后通过免疫组织化学方法以及 Western blot 实验技术检测内侧前额叶皮质(medial prefrontal cortex,
                mPFC)中突触后致密蛋白 95(postsynaptic density protein⁃95,PSD⁃95)、突触素(synaptophysin,SYP)和髓鞘碱性蛋白(myelin
                basic protein,MBP)的分布和表达情况。结合免疫荧光染色和透射电子显微镜实验观察神经元、突触结构及髓鞘形态的变化。
                以评估相关神经病理特征的变化。结果:EE并未影响5×FAD小鼠的短期空间记忆和焦虑样行为,但显著增强了其社交互动能
                力。在病理层面,5×FAD小鼠mPFC区域存在明显的Aβ沉积及胶质细胞活化现象。相比SE组,EE组小鼠的mPFC区域表现
                出Aβ沉积和胶质细胞活化的显著减少。此外,EE改善了该区域的髓鞘结构完整性,而对突触蛋白、突触超微结构及神经元存
                活未见明显影响。结论:EE能够有效减缓5×FAD小鼠的AD病理发展,并显著改善其社会行为障碍,突出其在干预AD相关社
                会功能缺失中的潜在价值,提示环境干预可能通过调节神经炎症、降低Aβ沉积以及维持髓鞘稳态,在AD发展过程中发挥潜在
                的神经保护效应。
               [关键词] 丰富环境;社交行为障碍;内侧前额叶皮质
               [中图分类号] R749.16                   [文献标志码] A                     [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2025)10⁃1375⁃11
                doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN250432


                Enriched environment alleviates social behavioral deficits in 5×FAD mice

                                                              *
                WANG Yimiao,WANG Ze,SHE Yuzhu,ZHANG Yanli ,XIAO Ming     *
                Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China


               [Abstract] Objective:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder characterized by
                pathological features including abnormal β ⁃ amyloid(Aβ)deposition,glial hyperactivation,synaptic impairment,and myelin
                dysfunction. The enriched environment(EE),a non⁃pharmacological intervention,has garnered attention for its potential to enhance
                neuroplasticity. However,the effects of EE on social behavior and associated neuropathology during the early stages of AD remain
                insufficiently explored. This study utilized the 5×FAD mouse model to systematically investigate the impact of EE on early pathological
                progression in AD,providing new evidence to support the application of EE in the prevention and treatment of AD. Methods:Two⁃
                month ⁃ old 5 × FAD mice were randomly assigned to a standard environment(SE)group or an EE group(5 mice per cage)and
                maintained in their respective housing conditions for four weeks. Behavioral tests,including the Y⁃maze,open field,elevated plus
                maze,and three⁃chamber social interaction assays were conducted. Subsequently,immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used
                to detect the distribution and expression of postsynaptic density protein⁃95(PSD⁃95),synaptophysin(SYP)and myelin basic protein
               (MBP)in the medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC). Immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy were combined to

               [基金项目] 国家自然科学基金(82304466);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20241869)
                ∗
                通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:yanlizhang0229@njmu.edu.cn(ORCID:0000⁃0001⁃8173⁃2024);mingx@njmu.edu.cn
               (ORCID:0000⁃0001⁃5528⁃9102)
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