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第42卷第4期         王碧蕾,夏宝妹,金        虹,等. 有氧运动联合外源性脑源性神经营养因子协同增强心肌血管
                  2022年4月                生成效应[J]. 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2022,42(4):466-475                    ·467 ·


                in vivo experiments,sixty rats were assigned to sham group,myocardial infarction(MIC)group,myocardial infarction+BDNF(MICB)
                group,myocardial infarction+exercise(MIE)group and myocardial infarction+exercise+BDNF(MIEB)group;cardiac functional was
                evaluated prior to exercise training and 1 week after cardiac surgery. the exercise groups were subjected to 4 weeks of treadmill
                running,the MIEB group subjected to exercise and daily tail intravenous injection of rhBDNF at a dose of 0.4 μg/kg 10 minutes before
                exercise,the MICB group subjected to the same dose of rhBDNF only. The rats underwent cardiac functional evaluations following the
                4 ⁃ week period of exercise training. The blood vessel density in the surrounding area of myocardial infarction was detected by
                immunohistochemistry after the 4⁃week period of training. Results:An increased BDNF protein expression,as well as phosphorylated
                of TrkB and Akt levels were observed in HUVECs exposed to LSS generated by circulating fluid. LSS elicited sustained increase BDNF
                level in the circulating medium. In HUVECs exposed to LSS generated by non⁃circulating fluid,an increased BDNF protein expression
                was also observed,while the TrkB and its downstream Akt pathway were inactive. Circulating fluid with BDNF could increase the TrkB
                and Akt phosphorylated degree and improve the angiogenesis ability of HUVECs. The in vivo experiments confirmed that BDNF
                administration in rats combined with aerobic exercise increased myocardial angiogenesis and improved cardiac function more
                significantly compared with those rats receiving exercise intervention only. Conclusion:Exercise activates BDNF/TrkB axis and its
                downstream Akt pathway through LSS in a BDNF ⁃ dependent manner,thereby enhancing cell migration and tubule formation;
                exogenous supplementation of BDNF in association with aerobic exercise may enhance the pro ⁃ myocardial angiogenesis effect of
                exercise and further improve cardiac function.
               [Key words] aerobic exercise;brain⁃derived neurotrophic factor;tropomyosin kinase receptor B;laminar shear force;angiogenesis;
                myocardial infarction
                                                                              [J Nanjing Med Univ,2022,42(04):466⁃475]





                   《中国心血管健康与疾病报告 2020 概要》指                            脑源性神经营养因子(brain⁃derived neurotrophic
                出,我国心血管疾病的患病率处于持续上升阶段,                            factor,BDNF)属于神经营养因子家族,是一种小分
                心血管病死亡占城乡居民总死亡原因的首位,已                             子二聚体蛋白质,通过与其高亲和力受体原肌球蛋
                                                 [1]
                成为威胁我国公众健康的重要因素 。心肌梗死                             白激酶受体 B(tyrosine kinase receptor B,TrkB)结
               (myocardial infarction,MI)是心血管疾病最严重的               合发挥生物效应。我们前期研究证实 BDNF 介导
                结果之一。虽然经皮冠状动脉介入治疗及药物干                             了运动的血管保护效应,运动可增加 MI 大鼠血清
                预降低了急性心肌梗死的病死率,但长时间的心肌                            BDNF 水平,且与其心肌血管密度和心功能改善程
                缺血、缺氧导致心肌细胞坏死或凋亡,心肌梗死区                            度密切相关      [7] 。但考虑到大量患者存在高血压、
                发生心室重构,逐渐发展为慢性心功能不全,严重                            糖尿病等并发疾病,其内皮功能不佳、BDNF 分泌
                影响患者的生活质量,给家庭和社会带来巨大的经                            能力不足,可能影响其运动效果,那么在运动的同
                济负担。                                              时外源性补充 BDNF 是否可促进运动效应更好地
                    指南推荐规律的有氧运动训练是保持心血管                           发挥?
                健康的重要因素,也是MI后心脏康复的重要组成部                               本研究体外构建 12 dyn/cm LSS 模拟运动对血
                                                                                              2
                分 [2-3] 。中、高强度有氧或抗阻运动均可增加心肌组织                     管壁的生理效应,观察循环中BDNF 水平对TrkB 及
                血管密度    [4-5] ,运动中增高的血液层流剪切力(laminar              其下游 Akt 通路激活的影响;利用 MI 大鼠模型,从
                shear stress,LSS)发挥重要介导作用 。中等强度有                  整体水平探讨外源性补充BDNF是否可协同有氧运
                                               [6]
                氧运动要求的时间较长(30~60 min)且需达到一定                       动强化其心肌血管生成及心功能改善的效应,为临
                强度(运动时心率为最大心率的60%~85%)。然而,                        床探求更为理想的诱导或强化运动获益的途径。
                大量患者因高龄、重症、体弱或并发症等原因不能
                                                                  1 材料和方法
                保证充分的运动训练,从而限制了该种运动方式的
                推广;另外,心血管疾病的危险因素也可能损害血                            1.1  材料
                管结构对运动训练的适应。所以,积极探寻诱导或                            1.1.1  实验动物
                强化运动效果、提高运动获益的治疗方法,可以为                                实验选用健康雄性 SPF 级 SD 大鼠 60 只,体重
                MI患者带来广泛获益。                                       220~250 g、12 周龄,由中国科学院上海实验动物研
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