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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版) 第45卷第12期
·1834 · Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) 2025年12月
·综 述·
机器学习在类风湿性关节炎诊疗及并发症预测中的研究进展
严舒桐,刘 琪 *
天津中医药大学医学技术学院,天津 300000
[摘 要] 类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)作为一种慢性系统性自身免疫性疾病,以滑膜炎和进行性关节破坏为特
征,具有高致残率与复杂并发症风险,严重威胁患者生活质量。尽管传统诊疗方案可以显著改善患者症状,但其早期诊断困
难、治疗反应个体差异大及心血管疾病、间质性肺病等并发症的发生率高,仍是临床实践中的焦点问题。近年来人工智能与机
器学习技术的快速发展,为突破RA诊疗瓶颈提供了全新机遇。通过深度挖掘RA多模态医学数据,如影像学、基因组学和电
子健康记录等,机器学习模型在早期诊断、治疗反应分层管理及并发症风险建模,如心血管事件预警中均展现出潜在优势。但
数据异质性、模型可解释性不足及临床转化障碍等问题仍制约其广泛应用。文章旨在系统梳理机器学习在RA诊疗中的最新
研究进展,为RA依据机器学习技术实现精准诊疗提供理论依据与实践参考。
[关键词] 机器学习;类风湿性关节炎;并发症;诊疗
[中图分类号] TP181;R593.22 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2025)12⁃1834⁃11
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN250252
Machine learning in rheumatoid arthritis:advances in clinical diagnosis,treatment,and
complication prediction
YAN Shutong,LIU Qi *
College of Medical Technology,Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 300000,China
[Abstract] Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis and progressive joint
destruction,leading to a high disability rate and complex complications that severely compromise patients’quality of life. Although
traditional diagnosis and treatment have been shown to significantly enhance patient symptoms,challenges such as the difficulty of
early diagnosis,substantial individual variability in treatment response,and the high prevalence of complications,including
cardiovascular diseases and interstitial lung disease,continue to be focal points in clinical practice. Recent rapid advancements in
artificial intelligence and machine learning(ML)technologies offer novel opportunities to overcome these bottlenecks in RA
management. By deeply mining RA multimodal medical data,such as patient imaging,genomics,and electronic health records,ML
models have shown potential advantages in early diagnosis,stratified management of treatment response,and modeling of complication
risk,such as early warning of cardiovascular events. However,barriers such as data heterogeneity,limited model interpretability,and
challenges in clinical translation hinder its widespread adoption. This paper systematically reviews the latest research progress in
applying ML to RA diagnosis and treatment,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and practical reference for realizing ML⁃driven
precision medicine in RA.
[Key words] machine learning;rheumatoid arthritis;complications;diagnosis and treatment
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2025,45(12):1834⁃1844]
类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一 种慢性系统性自身免疫性疾病,在过去30年里,RA及
其相关并发症发病率不断上升。有研究显示,2050年
[基金项目] 天津市教委科研计划项目(2023KJ143)
[1]
患者数将达到3亿 。其发病机制与多种炎症细胞
∗
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:LiuQi23@tjutcm.edu.
[2]
cn(ORCID:0000⁃0002⁃3871⁃9016) 浸润引起的关节缺氧和免疫失调密切相关 。RA

