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第45卷第12期 严舒桐,刘 琪. 机器学习在类风湿性关节炎诊疗及并发症预测中的研究进展[J].
2025年12月 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2025,45(12):1834-1844 ·1839 ·
性,后续则需要纳入更多数据并进行多中心验证。 研究团队开发了一款临床组织病理学成像评估基
即使基于ML诊疗RA仍存在诸多风险与挑战, 础模型,已在全球多家医院验证了其对肿瘤标本的
但其依然具有一定的意义和价值,持续优化 ML 搭 诊断准确性,预计在2~3年内推出商业化工具 [70] ;另
建诊疗RA的可推广、可持续性模型具有提高RA患 外北京邮电大学科研团队通过多种医学数据和综
者早期诊断率以及改善预后的潜能。如哈佛大学 合评估微调构建的大型语言模型 ClinicalGPT,在训
表2 ML赋能诊断RA及其并发症
Table 2 ML empowers diagnosis of RA and its complications
Algorithm Modeling indicator Reference
ML diagnosis of RA
RF Ultrasound scoring system ⁃US18 [12]
Clinical baseline data
ResNet50 Clinical and ultrasound scoring system ⁃EULAR⁃OMERACT [13]
Clinical blood flow within the synovium(0-3)
Synovial tissue hyperplasia and hypertrophy(0-3)
SVM,LASSO Clinical baseline data [15]
QCT pulmonary scan
RF,SVM Clinical baseline data [17]
Joint characteristics:joint deformity,tender joint count,swollen joint count,DAS28 score,
joint function,and joint radiological staging
laboratory indicators:circulating anti⁃citrullinated peptide antibodies,etc.
Treatment situation:methotrexate,hormone therapy,etc.
DCNN Chest X⁃ray image [18]
+
SVM Combined detection of RA characteristic genes for CD4 T cells:LOC731186,CR748316, [20]
LDHA,IGFL2,CMAH,MUC1,PDCD1,PIM1,SOCS3,SBNO2,BCL3,and NOG
WGCNA,LASSO, Combined detection of RA characteristic genes for CD8 T cells:GDF15,IGLC1,IGHM,[23-24]
+
SVM⁃RFE RF CD8A,GZMA,and PRF1
XGBoost Combined detection of RA characteristic genes for T cells:MIER1,PPP1CB,ICOS, [27]
GADD45A,CD3D,SLFN5,PIP4K2A,and IL6ST
LASSO Combined detection of RA characteristic genes for platelet:MAPK3,ACTB,ACTG1,VAV2, [25]
PTPN6,and ACTN1
LASSO m6A methylation regulatory factors:IGF2BP3 and YTHDC2 [29]
SVM,KNN,RF,Logit Serum exosomes LncRNAs:DLEU2,FAM13A⁃AS1,MEG3,and SNHG15 [30]
GLMVQ Synovial chemokines:CXCL4 and CXCL7 [26]
WGCNA,LASSO, Synovial genes:RRM2,DLGAP5,KIF11,AKR1C3,MCEE,POLE4,and PFKM [33]
SVM⁃RFE RF
RF,LASSO,PLS Clinical baseline data [34]
Blood tests:blood cell count,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,C⁃reactive protein,immunoglobu⁃
lin,lactate dehydrogenase,hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase,KL⁃6,D⁃dimer,fibrinogen,fibrin
degradation products,etc.
Tumor markers include carbohydrate antigens(CA19⁃9,CA242)and carcinoembryonic antigen
(CEA)
LASSO,SVM Genetic testing for depression in patients with RA:AURKA,BTN3A2,CXCL10,ERAP2, [37]
MARCO,PLA2G7,EAF1,SDCBP,and RNF19B
LASSO,RF,LR Laboratory tests:blood cell count,number of immune cells,lipoproteins,cholesterol,etc. [41]
RF,ENR Genetic testing for rheumatoid arthritis with atherosclerosis:let⁃7c⁃5p,miR⁃30e⁃5p,miR⁃4446⁃ [43]
3p,miR⁃126⁃5p,miR⁃3168,miR⁃425⁃5p,miR⁃126⁃3p,miR⁃30a⁃5p and miR⁃125a⁃5p
Monitoring the efficacy
of drugs using ML
RF,LASSO Serum exosomes:has⁃circ0002715 and has⁃circ0001946 [52]
LSTM Determine the patient visit rate:meteorological factors,air pollutants,and patient historical [57]
visit data

