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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)                                 第43卷第10期
               ·1464 ·                    Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences)  2023年10月


             ·综      述·

              戊型肝炎重症化与慢性化免疫学机制研究进展



              东 瑞 ,黄丽丽 ,王 洁          1*
                             2
                     1
               南京医科大学护理学院基础与社区护理学系,江苏                  南京    211166;江苏省卫生健康发展研究中心,江苏 南京               210036
              1                                                    2


             [摘    要] 戊型肝炎是由戊型肝炎病毒感染引起的一种传染性疾病,是全球范围内的重要公共卫生问题。尽管戊型肝炎通常
              被认为是一种无症状、自限性疾病,但其临床表现呈多样性变化,部分患者可出现重症化或慢性化进展,造成不良预后,危害较
              为严重。免疫反应是决定戊型肝炎患者临床表现和结局的关键因素,正常的免疫反应有助于病毒清除和疾病康复,而过度或
              紊乱的免疫反应则可参与其重症化和慢性化进程,导致疾病进展。本文通过文献回顾,从天然免疫反应和适应性免疫反应两
              个方面对戊型肝炎重症化及慢性化的免疫学机制进行综述,以期为该类患者的早期预测、临床防治和疾病管理提供理论依据
              和新思路。
             [关键词] 戊型肝炎病毒;免疫反应;肝衰竭;慢性戊型肝炎
             [中图分类号] R512.6                    [文献标志码] A                      [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2023)10⁃1464⁃06
              doi:10.7655/NYDXBNS20231021



              Research advances in the immune pathogenesis of severe and chronic progeression of
              hepatitis E

                       1           2          1*
              DONG Rui ,HUANG Lili ,WANG Jie
              1 Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing,School of Nursing,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing
                     2
              211166;Jiangsu Health Development Research Center,Nanjing 210036,China

             [Abstract] Hepatitis E is an infectious disease caused by hepatitis E virus(HEV)infection,which is a significant public health
              concern worldwide. Although hepatitis E is generally considered an asymptomatic,self⁃limiting disease,its clinical manifestations vary,
              some patients may develop severe or chronic progression,resulting in poor prognosis and serious harm. Immune response is a key factor
              determining the clinical manifestation and outcome of hepatitis E. Normal immune response facilitates the clearance of virus and
              recovery from this disease,while excessive or disordered immune response can participate in severe and chronic progression of the
              disease,leading to disease progression. Through literature review,this article summarizes the immunological mechanisms of HEV
              related liver failure and chronic hepatitis E,including innate immune response and adaptive immune response,in order to provide
              theoretical basis and new ideas for early prediction,clinical prevention and treatment,and disease management.
             [Key words] hepatitis E virus;immunity;liver failure;chronic hepatitis E
                                                                           [J Nanjing Med Univ,2023,43(10):1464⁃1469]






                  戊型肝炎病毒(hepatitis E virus,HEV)是一种无             7.2 kb,包含 4 个开放阅读框(open reading frame,
              包膜小型单股正链RNA病毒,其完整基因组长度为                           ORF) 。HEV 是全球范围内导致急性病毒性肝
                                                                     [1]
                                                                炎的主要病原体之一,粪⁃口传播是其主要传播途
                                                                  [2]
                                                                径 。目前发现 HEV 有 8 个基因型(genotype,GT),
             [基金项目] 江苏省卫生健康发展研究中心开放课题
             (JSHD2022046)                                      其中 GT1~4 型及 GT7 型主要造成人类感染。荟萃
                                                                         [3]
                                                                分析显示 ,约 1/8 的全球人口,相当于超过 900 万
              ∗
               通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:wangjienjmu@126.
              com                                               人,曾感染HEV。HEV在我国常为散发,偶有爆发,
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