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第43卷第7期
               ·1008 ·                           南 京    医 科 大 学 学         报                        2023年7月


              作用,Dumas等 总结了肠道菌群在肠⁃肺轴中可能                              tein adducts and benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide I⁃triglycer⁃
                           [52]
              通过其衍生的代谢产物[如短链脂肪酸(short⁃chain                          ide adduct detected in vitro and in vivo[J]. Carcinogene⁃
              fatty acid,SCFA)],或者通过暴露其结构配体(如脂                       sis,2000,21(4):629-632
              多糖或肽聚糖)来改变宿主肺、肠端炎症因子或趋                            [5] 朱宇琪,吴      昊,热那古力·吾斯曼江,等. 南京市某地
                                                                     区大气多环芳烃污染及空气微生物多样性相关分析
              化因子的表达。PAH 暴露小鼠粪便中丁酸含量显
                                                                    [J]. 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2022,42(3):
              著降低   [21] 。丁酸盐是结肠上皮细胞的主要能量来
                                                                     415-420
              源,有助于维持上皮肠道屏障并具有免疫调节和抗
                                                                [6] MILLER R L,GARFINKEL R,HORTON M,et al. Poly⁃
              炎特性   [53] 。有研究发现肠道菌群中拟杆菌属与丁
                                                                     cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,environmental tobacco
              酸盐及丁酸盐代谢相关,该功能可能与儿童哮喘保
                                                                     smoke,and respiratory symptoms in an inner⁃city birth co⁃
              护作用相关     [54] 。总的来说,肠道菌群能通过代谢产                        hort[J]. Chest,2004,126(4):1071-1078
              生SCFA改变宿主炎症状态,即较高的SCFA水平可                         [7] GILMOUR M I,JAAKKOLA M S,LONDON S J,et al.
              以减少身体各个部位的炎症,包括气道黏膜。同                                  How exposure to environmental tobacco smoke,outdoor
              时,PAH 诱发肠道菌群的改变,并进一步改变了宿                               air pollutants,and increased pollen burdens influences
              主的色氨酸代谢,激活 AHR,刺激回结肠分泌炎症                               the incidence of asthma[J]. Environ Health Perspect,
              因子 IL⁃17A,并借助肠⁃肺轴通过血液到达其他器                             2006,114(4):627-633
              官,在肺等器官中发挥促炎功能                [55] 。基于上述研         [8] WANG E Y,LIU X Y,TU W,et al. Benzo(a)pyrene facil⁃
                                                                     itates dermatophagoides group 1(Der f 1)⁃induced epithe⁃
              究,本文推测PAH可能通过肠⁃肺轴加重肺部炎症,
                                                                     lial cytokine release through aryl hydrocarbon receptor in
              并诱发哮喘。
                                                                     asthma[J]. Allergy,2019,74(9):1675-1690
              4 问题与展望                                           [9] WALKER D I,PENNELL K D,UPPAL K,et al. Pilot me⁃
                                                                     tabolome⁃wide association study of benzo(a)pyrene in se⁃
                  本文分别综述了 PAH 通过一碳代谢和色氨酸                             rum from military personnel[J]. J Occup Environ Med,
              代谢两条代谢途径诱发肺部炎症的机制,即一碳代                                 2016,58(8 Suppl 1):S44-S52
              谢—表观遗传—IL⁃17A 轴和色氨酸代谢—AHR—                        [10] ZHANG S Y,SHAO D,LIU H,et al. Metabolomics anal⁃
              IL⁃17A 轴,为解析 PAH 暴露对儿童哮喘的影响,探                          ysis reveals that benzo[a]pyrene,a component of PM
              究儿童哮喘发生发展的机制,制定PAH暴露对儿童                               (2.5),promotes pulmonary injury by modifying lipid me⁃
              哮喘影响的预防政策提供依据。另外,已知肠道                                  tabolism in a phospholipase A2⁃dependent manner in vivo
              菌群参与宿主代谢,如色氨酸代谢和短链脂肪酸                                  and in vitro[J]. Redox Biol,2017,13:459-469
                                                                [11] ZHOU C,MA X,CHEN J,et al. Untargeted metabolomics
              代谢,并可通过肠⁃肺轴影响肺部健康。但本文未
                                                                     and lipidomics analysis identified the role of FOXA1 in
              综述 PAH 对肠道菌群的影响,以及改变宿主/菌群
                                                                     remodeling the metabolic pattern of BaP ⁃ transformed
              代谢后通过肠⁃肺轴干扰宿主免疫状态的机制。未                                 16HBE cells[J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol,2021,426:
              来我们也将深入研究总结乳杆菌等益生菌对宿主
                                                                     115640
              代谢途径的影响及其诱发呼吸道炎症的具体机制。                            [12] JIANG G T,KANG H Y,YU Y Q. Cross⁃platform metabo⁃
             [参考文献]                                                  lomics investigating the intracellular metabolic altera⁃
                                                                     tions of HaCaT cells exposed to phenanthrene[J]. J Chro⁃
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                                                                     matogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci,2017,1060:15-
                   determination of volatile and semi ⁃ volatile aromatic hy⁃
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                   drocarbons in virgin olive oil by headspace solid ⁃ phase
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                   microextraction coupled to gas chromatography/mass
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             [2] ALI N,ISMAIL I M I,KHODER M,et al. Polycyclic aro⁃  相关研究中的应用[J]. 南京医科大学学报(自然科学
                   matic hydrocarbons(PAH)in the settled dust of automo⁃  版),2021,41(2):296-305
                   bile workshops,health and carcinogenic risk evaluation  [15] GAO P,DA SILVA E,HOU L,et al. Human exposure to
                  [J]. Sci Total Environ,2017,601/602:478-484        polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons:metabolomics perspec⁃
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