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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版) 第44卷第5期
·732 · Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) 2024年5月
·综 述·
垂体ACTH瘤病理评估研究进展
计铭钰,杨宇宏,孙 敏 *
南京医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科,江苏 南京 210029
[摘 要] 分泌促肾上腺皮质激素(adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH)的垂体腺瘤(垂体ACTH瘤)因过度分泌ACTH刺激双
侧肾上腺皮质增生而引起高皮质醇血症,也称作库欣病(Cushing’s disease,CD),是内源性高皮质醇血症最常见的原因。垂体
ACTH瘤可导致电解质紊乱,糖、脂代谢紊乱等一系列严重的临床症候群,累及全身多个脏器及系统。经蝶窦神经内镜手术是
垂体ACTH瘤的一线治疗方法,可以得到较高的缓解率,但术后复发和持续状态仍然是垂体ACTH瘤治疗的一个未解决的问
题。垂体ACTH瘤病理评估在确定病变性质、预测其预后及药物治疗选择方面均有重要的价值。文章就垂体ACTH瘤病理评
估的相关进展进行综述,包括新的免疫组化标志物和镜下特殊表现。
[关键词] 垂体ACTH瘤;库欣病;病理;免疫组化;标志物
[中图分类号] R736.4 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2024)05⁃732⁃06
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN231143
Advances in pathological evaluation of ACTH⁃secreting pituitary adenomas
JI Mingyu,YANG Yuhong,SUN Min *
Department of Endocrinology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,China
[Abstract] Pituitary adenomas secreting adrenocorticotropin hormone(ACTH),known as ACTH⁃secreting pituitary adenomas,cause
hypercortisolism by overproducting ACTH and stimulating bilateral adrenal cortical hyperplasia,a condition also known as Cushing’s
disease(CD),which is the most common cause of endogenous hypercortisolism. ACTH⁃secreting pituitary adenomas lead to a series of
severe clinical syndromes,including electrolyte disturbances and disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism,affecting multiple organs
and systems throughout the body. Transsphenoidal neuroendoscopic surgery is the first⁃line treatment for ACTH⁃secreting pituitary
adenomas,with a high remission rate,but postoperative recurrence and persistent disease remain unsolved in the treatment of ACTH⁃
secreting pituitary adenomas. The pathological evaluation of ACTH⁃secreting pituitary adenomas has important value in determining
the nature of the lesions,predicting the prognosis,and selecting the drug therapy. This article reviews the advances in the pathologic
evaluation of ACTH⁃secreting pituitary adenomas,including new immunohistochemical markers and microscopic special features.
[Key words] ACTH⁃secreting pituitary adenomas;Cushing’s disease;pathology;immunohistochemistry;marker
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2024,44(05):732⁃737]
[3]
库欣病(Cushing’s disease,CD)是一种由分泌 重。不仅因其并发症和合并症较多 ,相关病死率
促 肾 上 腺 皮 质 激 素(adrenocorticotropic hormone, 显著增加 ,还因部分CD具有较高复发率和一定的
[4]
ACTH)的垂体腺瘤(垂体 ACTH 瘤)引起的罕见疾 侵袭性,不易根治。经蝶窦神经内镜手术是 CD 的
[1]
[5]
病,占内源性高皮质醇血症病例的 70% 。最近的 一线治疗方法 ,但复发和持续性未缓解病例仍然
一项包括 13 项研究在内的系统回顾和荟萃分析显 是增加CD患者病死率的重要风险 ,术后病理标志
[6]
示,虽然 CD 的患病率约为 2.2/10 万人 ,但危害严 物对于评估垂体 ACTH 瘤的生物学特征,预测疾病
[2]
转归和药物反应从而指导疾病精准分层管理有重
[基金项目] 江苏省卫生健康委员会医学科研重点项目
[7]
(K2023046) 要价值 。最新 WHO 垂体肿瘤分类指南建议术后
∗ 应常规行免疫组化,根据激素、转录因子和其他生
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:drsunm@163.com

