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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版) 第44卷第9期
·1298 · Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) 2024年9月
·综 述·
宫内暴露抗癫痫药物对子代的影响
石 祺 ,王小姗 2*
1
1 2
南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院神经内科,江苏 无锡 214000;南京医科大学附属脑科医院神经内科,江苏 南京 210029
[摘 要] 癫痫是脑部神经元同步异常放电导致的一种脑功能障碍,是常见的神经系统疾病之一,患者需长期规律服用抗癫
痫药物控制发作。对于妊娠妇女,抗癫痫药物可不同程度地通过胎盘屏障进入胎儿体内,对其产生不良风险。拉莫三嗪和左
乙拉西坦潜在致畸风险最低,奥卡西平致畸风险较低,而托吡酯致畸风险较高,丙戊酸的致畸作用及对宫内暴露儿童神经心理
发育的负面影响较大,应尽可能避免使用。目前抗癫痫药物的用药管理仍是一个临床难题,良好的孕前准备和孕期抗癫痫药
物的合理决策至关重要。
[关键词] 癫痫;抗癫痫药物;宫内暴露;畸形;子代发育障碍
[中图分类号] R742.1 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2024)09⁃1298⁃07
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN230588
Effects of antiepileptic drugs on children of women taking the drugs during pregnancy
1 2*
SHI Qi ,WANG Xiaoshan
1
Department of Neurology,the Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Wuxi 214000;
2 Department of Neurology,Brain Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,China
[Abstract] Epilepsy is a kind of brain dysfunction caused by abnormal synchronous discharge of brain neurons,and is one of the
common diseases of the nervous system. Patients need to take anti⁃epileptic drugs regularly for a long time to achieve seizures⁃free. For
pregnant women,antiepileptic drugs can enter the fetus through the placental barrier causing adverse effects. Lamotrigine and
levetiracetam have the lowest potential teratogenic risk,oxcarbazepine has a low risk,topiramate has high risk,while valproic acid has
the most severe teratogenic effect and negative effects on the neuropsychological development of children exposed in utero,and should
be avoided as far as possible. At present,the management of antiepileptic drugs is still a difficult clinical problem. Pre⁃pregnancy
preparation and rational decision⁃making of antiepileptic drugs usage during pregnancy are very important.
[Key words] epilepsy;antiepileptic drug;intrauterine exposure;malformation;offspring developmental disorder
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2024,44(09):1298⁃1304]
癫痫是神经系统最常见的疾病之一,全世界大约 drug,AED)的致畸风险、妊娠期癫痫控制、妊娠期
[1]
[2]
有1 500万患者 ,女性癫痫发病率为57.43/10万 , AED血清水平变化及其在妊娠期间的调整、补充叶
而育龄妇女癫痫患者是其中的一个特殊群体(约占 酸及其他微量元素等。癫痫控制良好,对子代没有
所有育龄妇女的0.3%~0.7%) ,也是妊娠期间最常 不可控的不良事件发生是妊娠期抗癫痫治疗的主
[3]
见的需要持续治疗的神经系统疾病。她们有很多 要目标。妊娠期间癫痫发作对母亲和胎儿都有危
的特殊需求,包括减少抗癫痫药物(anti⁃epilepsy 险,可导致产妇缺氧、抽搐性酸中毒、胎儿窒息等,
强直⁃阵挛性发作是癫痫猝死和癫痫相关损伤发生
风险最高的癫痫类型。然而,虽然癫痫发作可能会
[基金项目] 江苏省自然科学基金(BK20191127)
有直接和长期影响子代的风险,但是暴露于AED会
∗
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:xiaoshanwang1971@
163.com 增加先天性畸形的风险 [2,4] 。先前的研究显示,宫内暴

