Page 130 - 南京医科大学自然版
P. 130
第44卷第9期
·1302 · 南 京 医 科 大 学 学 报 2024年9月
代的影响。对于女性癫痫患者,备孕时机最好选择 role of pregnancy registries[J]. Epilepsy Behav,2007,11
在癫痫临床治愈并停用AED之后,如果选择带药怀 (3):277-282
孕,则需提前咨询医生进行 AED 的调整,并尽早补 [7] VERONIKI A A,COGO E,RIOS P,et al. Comparative
充叶酸以尽可能降低 AED 可能对子代带来的不良 safety of anti⁃epileptic drugs during pregnancy:a systema⁃
tic review and network meta⁃analysis of congenital malfor⁃
风险。
mations and prenatal outcomes[J]. BMC Med,2017,15
目前大多数研究都集中在先天畸形上,现在已
(1):95
经明确的是,宫内暴露 AED 会限制子代生长发育,
[8] BUI E. Women’s issues in epilepsy[J]. Continuum(Min⁃
并有造成后期认知障碍和行为异常的可能性。这
neapolis,Minn),2022,28(2):399-427
意味着 AED 对子代的影响不局限于胎儿期的器官 [9] BŁASZCZYK B,MIZIAK B,PLUTA R,et al. Epilepsy in
形成,而将贯穿后期整个大脑发育成熟的过程。在 pregnancy⁃management principles and focus on valproa⁃
怀孕期间,AED 对胎儿不良反应的风险差别很大。 te[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2022,23(3):1369
对于一些 AED,其不良风险与使用剂量有关,所以 [10] KAPLAN Y C,DEMIR O. Use of phenytoin,phenobarbital
建议 AED 首选低剂量单药治疗。此外,研究提示 carbamazepine,levetiracetam lamotrigine and valproate
VPA引起先天畸形、后期认知和行为异常的风险最 in pregnancy and breastfeeding:risk of major malforma⁃
大,这些发现可指导女性癫痫患者的 AED 用药方 tions,dose ⁃ dependency,monotherapy vs polytherapy,
pharmacokinetics and clinical implications[J]. Curr Neu⁃
案,尽量避免和减少育龄期女性 VPA 的使用,以降
ropharmacol,2021,19(11):1805-1824
低对子代的不良风险。与此同时,医生应重视并跟
[11]THOMAS S V,AJAYKUMAR B,SINDHU K,et al. Motor
踪这些儿童发展的后期阶段,并为之提供相应解决
and mental development of infants exposed to antiepileptic
方案。目前,宫内暴露AED对于子代的影响还需要
drugs in utero[J]. Epilepsy Behav,2008,13(1):229-236
更大的样本量以及长期的随访进一步研究,以便为 [12]ERNÁNDEZ-DÍAZ S,SMITH C R,SHEN A,et al. Com⁃
医生和女性癫痫患者提供相关证据来做出更合理 parative safety of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy[J].
的用药决策。 Neurology,2012,78(21):1692-1699
[参考文献] [13] MØLGAARD⁃NIELSEN D,HVIID A. Newer⁃generation
antiepileptic drugs and the risk of major birth defects[J].
[1] TOMSON T,BATTINO D,BROMLEY R,et al. Manage⁃
JAMA,2011,305(19):1996-2002
ment of epilepsy in pregnancy:a report from the Interna⁃
[14]RAFI S K,GOERING J P,OLM⁃SHIPMAN A J,et al. Anti⁃
tional League Against Epilepsy Task Force on Women
epileptic drug topiramate upregulates TGFβ1 and SOX9
and Pregnancy[J]. Epileptic Disord,2019,21(6):497-
expression in primary embryonic palatal mesenchyme
517 cells:implications for teratogenicity[J]. PLoS One,2021,
[2] AVACHAT C,BARRY J M,LYU X,et al. Management of
16(2):e0246989
anti⁃seizure medications during pregnancy:advancements
[15]BJØRK M H,ZOEGA H,LEINONEN M K,et al. Associa⁃
in the past decade[J]. Pharmaceutics,2022,14(12): tion of prenatal exposure to antiseizure medication with
2733 risk of autism and intellectual disability[J]. JAMA Neurol,
[3] IŞIKALAN M M,GÜNDO AN K M,ACAR A. Peripar⁃ 2022,79(7):672-681
tum hemorrhage and other obstetric and neonatal outcomes [16]KNIGHT R,CRAIG J,IRWIN B,et al. Adaptive beha ⁃
in pregnant women with epilepsy:a single⁃center study[J]. viour in children exposed to topiramate in the womb:an
Epilepsy Res,2021,171:106566 observational cohort study[J]. Seizure,2023,105:56-
[4] KANG L Y,DUAN Y F,CHEN C,et al. Structure⁃activity 64
relationship(SAR)model for predicting teratogenic risk [17]VOSSLER D G. Comparative risk of major congenital mal⁃
of antiseizure medications in pregnancy by using support formations with 8 different antiepileptic drugs:a pro⁃
vector machine[J]. Front Pharmacol,2022,13:747935 spective cohort study of the EURAP registry[J]. Epi⁃
[5] WEN X R,MEADOR K J,HARTZEMA A. Antiepileptic lepsy Curr,2019,19(2):83-85
drug use by pregnant women enrolled in Florida Medi⁃ [18]MARSON A G,BURNSIDE G,APPLETON R,et al. La⁃
caid[J]. Neurology,2015,84(9):944-950 motrigine versus levetiracetam or zonisamide for focal ep⁃
[6] TOMSON T,BATTINO D,FRENCH J,et al. Antiepileptic ilepsy and valproate versus levetiracetam for gene⁃ralised
drug exposure and major congenital malformations:the and unclassified epilepsy :two SANADⅡnon⁃inferiori⁃

