Page 133 - 南京医科大学自然版

第45卷第1期 南京医科大学学报（自然科学版）
2025年1月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University（Natural Sciences） ·127 ·

·综 述·

巨噬细胞极化在神经系统疾病中的作用及药物研究进展

陈伟凯 ，唐金荣 2*
1，2
厦门市第三医院神经内科，福建 厦门 361000；南京医科大学第一附属医院神经内科，江苏 南京 210029
1 2

［摘 要］ 神经系统疾病一直是医学领域的重大挑战，近年来，巨噬细胞极化在其中的作用备受关注。巨噬细胞具有不同的
极化状态，包括M1型和M2型，它们在神经系统疾病的发生发展中发挥着关键作用。在神经炎症中，M1型巨噬细胞可能加剧
损伤，而M2型巨噬细胞则有助于组织修复和神经再生。研究发现，巨噬细胞极化失衡与多种神经系统疾病如阿尔茨海默病、
多发性硬化、创伤性脑损伤等密切相关。针对这一现象，药物研究取得了一定进展，新型药物旨在调节巨噬细胞的极化状态，
以减轻炎症反应、促进神经修复。一些药物通过抑制特定信号通路来实现对巨噬细胞极化的调控，另一些则通过靶向细胞因
子或受体发挥作用。然而，目前的研究仍存在诸多挑战，如药物的安全性和有效性、作用机制的复杂性等。文章总结了不同微
环境信号刺激下巨噬细胞的不同极化表型及其主要功能，并重点介绍了巨噬细胞极化在神经系统疾病中的作用以及以巨噬细
胞极化为靶点的临床疾病治疗策略，为神经系统疾病的治疗带来新的希望。
［关键词］ 巨噬细胞；极化；阿尔茨海默病；多发性硬化；创伤性脑损伤
［中图分类号］ R741 ［文献标志码］ A ［文章编号］ 1007⁃4368（2025）01⁃127⁃06
doi：10.7655/NYDXBNSN240678

The role of macrophage polarization in nervous system diseases and drug research
progress

1，2
CHEN Weikai ，TANG Jinrong 2*
2
1 Department of Neurology，the Third Hospital of Xiamen，Xiamen 361000；Department of Neurology，the First
Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University，Nanjing 210029，China

［Abstract］ Neurological diseases have always been a major challenge in the field of medicine，and the role of macrophage
polarization in them has attracted much attention in recent years. Macrophages have different polarization states，including M1 type and
M2 type，which play a key role in the occurrence and development of neurological diseases. In neuroinflammation，M1 ⁃ type
macrophages may exacerbate damage，while M2⁃type macrophages contribute to tissue repair and nerve regeneration. Studies have
found that the imbalance of macrophage polarization is closely correlated with a variety of neurological diseases，such as Alzheimer's
disease，multiple sclerosis，and traumatic brain injury. In response to this phenomenon，some progress has been made in drug research，
and new drugs are designed to regulate the polarization of macrophages to reduce inflammation and promote nerve repair. Some drugs
regulate the polarization of macrophages by inhibiting specific signaling pathways，while others work by targeting cytokines or
receptors. However，there are still many challenges in the current research，such as the safety and effectiveness of the drug，and the
complexity of the mechanisms. This paper summarizes the different polarization phenotypes and main functions of macrophages
stimulated by different microenvironmental signals，and focuses on the role of macrophage polarization in nervous system diseases as
well as clinical disease treatment strategies targeting macrophage polarization，which will bring new hope for the treatment of nervous
system diseases.
［Key words］ macrophages；polarization；Alzheimer's disease；multiple sclerosis；traumatic brain injury
［J Nanjing Med Univ，2025，45（01）：127⁃132］

［基金项目］ 南京市政府重大项目（2019060002）
通信作者（Corresponding author），E⁃mail：tangjr2622@163.com（ORCID：0009⁃0003⁃9912⁃0896）
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