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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版) 第45卷第11期
·1670 · Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) 2025年11月
·综 述·
中医药调控神经血管单元及其标志物改善阿尔茨海默病的研
究进展
张 铭 ,冯晓东 ,潘 蕊 2
1,2
1*
河南中医药大学第一附属医院康复中心,河南 郑州 450000;河南中医药大学康复医学院,河南 郑州 450046
1 2
[摘 要] 阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种以进行性认知障碍为特征的神经退行性疾病,其发病机制十分复
杂。近年来,脑血流减少、血脑屏障破坏等血管异常在AD早期被发现,提示血管因素在其发病中发挥着重要作用。神经血管
单元(neurovascular unit,NVU)作为脑功能稳态的关键结构,其功能障碍已被认为是AD及血管性痴呆的共同病理基础之一,包
括神经元、内皮细胞、周细胞、星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和基底膜等,其紊乱可导致认知损伤。中医药通过多靶点、多通路干
预NVU功能,改善血脑屏障通透性,减轻神经炎症和氧化应激,有望成为治疗AD的重要手段。文章综述了中医药调控NVU
及其标志物在AD早期诊断与治疗中的研究进展。
[关键词] 阿尔茨海默病;神经血管单元;生物标志物;中医药;综述
[中图分类号] R749.1 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2025)11⁃1670⁃08
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN250300
Research progress in improving Alzheimer’s disease by regulating neurovascular units
and their markers with traditional Chinese medicine
1,2
1*
ZHANG Ming ,FENG Xiaodong ,PAN Rui 2
1 Rehabilitation Center,the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450000;
2 Rehabilitation Medicine College,Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,China
[Abstract] Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment,and its
pathogenesis is very complex. In recent years,vascular abnormalities such as decreased cerebral blood flow and blood⁃brain barrier
disruption have been found in the early stage of AD,suggesting that vascular factors play an important role in its pathogenesis. As a key
structure of brain functional homeostasis,the dysfunction of the neurovascular unit(NVU),including neurons,endothelial cells,
pericytes,astrocytes,microglia,and basement membrane,has been considered to be one of the common pathological bases of AD and
vascular dementia. Its disorder can lead to cognitive impairment. Traditional Chinese medicine can intervene NVU function through
multiple targets and pathways,improve the permeability of blood⁃brain barrier,reduce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,and is
expected to become an important means to treat AD. This article elaborates the research progress of NVU and its markers regulated by
traditional Chinese medicine in the early diagnosis and treatment of AD.
[Key words] Alzheimer’s disease;neurovascular unit;biomarkers;traditional Chinese medicine;review
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2025,45(11):1670⁃1677]
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种
[基金项目] 河南省中医药科学研究专项(20⁃21ZY1017);
临床常见的神经退行性疾病,其病理变化包括β淀
河南省中医药传承与创新人才工程(仲景工程)⁃拔尖人才
粉样蛋白(amyloid protein⁃β,Aβ)沉积和Tau蛋白过
(CZ0325⁃14);河南省中医学“双一流”创建科学研究专项
(HSRP⁃DFCTCM⁃2023⁃3⁃11) 度磷酸化,进而导致神经原纤维缠结(neurofibrillary
tangle,NFT)等异常变化。据统计,预计到 2050 年,
∗
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:fxd0502@163.com
(ORCID:0000⁃0003⁃2716⁃1827) 全球老年痴呆患者总数将达到 1.52 亿,其中 60%~

