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第45卷第5期 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
2025年5月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) ·593 ·
·专题研究:卒中·
中性粒细胞:卒中再灌注治疗的绊脚石
陈 微,吴海银,朱东亚 *
南京医科大学药学院临床药理学系,江苏 南京 211166
[摘 要] 卒中是一种由多种病因引起的缺血或出血导致的急性神经损伤,具有发病率高、病死率高、致残率高的特点。溶栓
和血管内取栓术等再灌注治疗是美国食品和药品监督管理局批准的治疗急性缺血性卒中的唯一方法,但出血转化(hemorrhagic
transformation,HT)、溶栓药抵抗和再灌注无复流等不良事件显著限制了再灌注治疗的临床获益。虽然导致再灌注治疗后HT、
溶栓药抵抗和再灌注无复流的因素复杂,但中性粒细胞在其中发挥的作用至关重要。基于近年来的最新研究进展,文章重点
介绍中性粒细胞在急性缺血性卒中病理生理过程中的主要作用,中性粒细胞导致再灌注治疗后HT、溶栓药抵抗和再灌注无复
流的具体机制,以及靶向中性粒细胞,防止或减轻再灌注后HT、溶栓药抵抗和再灌注无复流的策略,旨在为缺血性脑卒中的临
床治疗和药物研发提供新思路。
[关键词] 中性粒细胞;再灌注治疗;出血转化;溶栓药抵抗;再灌注无复流
[中图分类号] R743.3 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2025)05⁃593⁃12
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN241207
Neutrophils:a stumbling block in stroke reperfusion therapy
CHEN Wei,WU Haiyin,ZHU Dongya *
Department of Clinical Pharmacology,School of Pharmacy,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China
[Abstract] Stroke is an acute neurologic injury caused by ischemia or hemorrhage that stems from a wide range of pathologies,with
high rates of morbidity,mortality,and disability. Thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy are the only Food and Drug
Administration in United States of America approved methods for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke(AIS),but clinical benefits of
the reperfusion therapy are significantly limited by hemorrhagic transformations(HT),the resistance to thrombolytic drugs,and
reperfusion no⁃reflow. Although the factors leading to these problems are complex,neutrophils play the most critical role in them.
Based on the latest research progress in recent years,this review focuses on the role of neutrophils in mediating the pathophysiological
events of AIS,the specific mechanisms by which neutrophils cause HT,thrombolytic drug resistance,and no⁃reflow after reperfusion
therapy,as well as strategies targeting neutrophils to prevent or alleviate these complications following reperfusion therapy,offering
new insights for the clinical therapy and drug development of ischemic stroke.
[Key words] neutrophil;reperfusion therapy;hemorrhagic transformation;thrombolytic resistance;reperfusion no⁃reflow
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2025,45(05):593⁃604]
卒中又名中风,分为缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑 疗”,包括溶栓和血管内取栓术,其中静脉溶栓是
[2]
卒中两种类型,具有发病率高、病死率高、致残率高 AIS再灌注治疗的主要手段 。迄今,组织型纤溶酶
[1]
的特点 。目前美国食品和药品监督管理局批准的 原激活剂(tissue⁃type plasminogen activator,tPA)仍
[3]
治疗急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)的 是唯一被批准用于治疗 AIS 的溶栓药物 。tPA 是
方法,均旨在实现缺血区域再灌注,又称“再灌注治 一种丝氨酸蛋白水解酶,其溶栓机制是激活内源性
[基金项目] 国家自然科学基金(82090042) 纤溶酶原转变为纤溶酶。重组 tPA(recombinant
tPA,rtPA)阿替普酶(alteplase,商品名Activase)是生
∗
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:dyzhu@njmu.edu.cn
(ORCID:0000⁃0001⁃8398⁃6765) 物合成的人源tPA,自1995年tPA首次被确认为AIS

