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第45卷第9期         陈奕孜,翁昌健,陆 超. NOTCH1信号通路与T细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病的研究进展[J].
                  2025年9月                  南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2025,45(9):1258-1266,1285                    ·1261 ·


                                              表1 阻止NOTCH1信号通路激活的相关药物
                                  Table 1 Drugs that inhibit the activation of the NOTCH1 signaling pathway

                   Category      Drug         Mechanism of action         Advantage               Limitation
                GSI            MRK⁃560    Selective PSEN1 inhibitor  Reduced gastrointestinal toxicity  Limited monotherapy effi⁃
                                                                                            cacy,delayed effects
                CB⁃103         CB⁃103     Blocks NOTCH transcriptional  Oral,no dose⁃limiting toxicity  Unconfirmed long ⁃ term
                                          complex(non⁃GSI)                                  safety/target specificity
                NOTCH1 mAb     OMP⁃52M51  Binds the negative regulatory  Precise NOTCH1 inhibition ,  Limited efficacy against all
                                          domain of NOTCH1 receptor, avoids GSI toxicity    NOTCH1 mutations
                                          blocking ligand binding
                                                                         2+
                SERCA inhibitor  CAD204520  Inhibits  SERCA, prevents  Lower Ca toxicity ,retains  Long ⁃ term cardiac safety
                                          NOTCH1 maturation       anti⁃T⁃ALL activity       requires verification


                究热点。其中,靶向染色质修饰的探索取得显著进                            regulatory factor 8,IRF8)mRNA 的 m6A 修饰,促进
                展。BRD4作为BET家族成员,通过与组蛋白H3中                         PI3K/AKT 信号激活并协同 NOTCH1 驱动白血病进
                的乙酰化赖氨酸残基结合,驱动MYC表达,进而维持                          展。实验证实,抑制FTO可恢复IRF8表达水平,延缓
                                                                            [38]
                NOTCH1 突变白血病起始细胞(leukemia⁃initiating              T⁃ALL发展 。同时,胰岛素样生长因子2 mRNA结
                cell,LIC)的存活。研究表明,应用 BRD4 降解剂可                    合蛋白 2(insulin⁃like growth factor 2 mRNA⁃binding
                有效破坏 NOTCH1⁃MYC⁃CD44 轴,减少 LIC 数量,                 protein 2,IGF2BP2)在T⁃ALL中高表达,通过m6A依
                延长小鼠生存期        [36] 。目前,EP31670(一种 BET 和          赖机制稳定 NOTCH1 mRNA,促进 T⁃ALL 细胞存活
                CBP/p300 双抑制剂)正在Ⅰ期临床试验进行中                         和化疗耐药,针对此机制开发的小分子抑制剂 JX5
               (NCT05488548)。另外,组蛋白赖氨酸去甲基化酶                       可抑制 IGF2BP2 与 NOTCH1 结合,抑制 T⁃ALL 细胞
                                                                                          [39]
               (KDM6B)被证明是 T⁃ALL 发展和维持所必需的关                       增殖,有望用于T⁃ALL治疗 。
                键分子,可保护 T⁃ALL 细胞免受强 NOTCH1 信号诱                        除此之外,染色质重塑复合物 SWI/SNF 的核心

                导的凋亡,因此敲除KDM6B可选择性清除NOTCH1                        亚基 SMARCA4 与 RUNX1 相互作用,可协同调控染
                                  [37]
                高信号的T⁃ALL细胞 。                                     色质可及性,维持 NOTCH1⁃MYC 通路活性。抑制
                    在RNA表观修饰层面,脂肪量和肥胖相关蛋白                         SMARCA4 导致全基因组染色质可及性下降,诱导

               (fat mass⁃and obesity⁃associated protein,FTO)作为m6A  T⁃ALL细胞凋亡    [40] 。靶向NOTCH1信号通路的表观
                去甲基化酶,通过降解干扰素调节因子 8(interferon                    遗传调控药物见表2。

                                            表2 靶向NOTCH1信号通路的表观遗传调控药物
                                  Table 2 Epigenetic⁃targeting agents against the NOTCH1 signaling pathway

                     Target              Mechanism of action              Advantage              Limitation
                BRD4 degrader   Disrupts NOTCH1⁃MYC⁃CD44 axis,reduces  Selective LICs elimination  May impair normal hemato⁃
                                LIC survival                                              poietic stem cell function
                KDM6B inhibitor  KDM6B knockout selectively clears NOTCH1⁃ Targets NOTCH1⁃hyperactive Impact on normal T ⁃ cell de⁃
                                mutant cells                       cells with high precision, velopment needs validation
                                                                   minimizing off⁃target effects
                FTO inhibitor   FTO inhibition restores IRF8,blocking PI3K/ Reverses epigenetic dysregu⁃ Complex m6A regulatory net⁃
                                AKT and NOTCH1 activation          lation,delaying leukemia pro⁃ work may cause non⁃specific
                                                                   gression               effects
                IGF2BP2 inhibitor  Blocking IGF2BP2⁃NOTCH1 mRNA binding Overcomes chemoresistance  As above
               (JX5)            inhibits m6A⁃dependent NOTCH1 expression
                SMARCA4 inhibitor  Inhibits SWI/SNF,reduces chromatin acces⁃ Genome⁃wide epigenetic  SWI/SNF’s essential role in
                                sibility,blocks NOTCH1⁃MYC         remodeling             gene regulation risks systemic
                                                                                          toxicity
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