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第46卷第9期                           南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
                  2026年9月                   Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences)     ·1277 ·


               ·专题研究:内分泌代谢性疾病·

                中老年2型糖尿病合并高血压认知功能下降的影响因素分析



                马   漠,高 铭,钱        莉,许 琳,赫荣波,曹           维,陈柔柔,邹       婧,刘     煜 *
                南京医科大学附属逸夫医院内分泌科,江苏 南京                  211100




               [摘   要] 目的:分析中老年2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)合并高血压(hypertension,HTN)与认知功能下降的关
                系及相关影响因素。方法:纳入2020年9月—2022年9月在南京医科大学附属逸夫医院就诊的中老年受试者,分为T2DMH组
               (T2DM合并HTN患者)、T2DM组(单纯T2DM患者)、HTN组(单纯HTN患者)、HC组(健康对照)。收集4组患者的临床资料,
                采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)、听觉词语学习测验(auditory verbal learning test,AVLT)、连
                线测验(trail making test,TMT)、数字广度测验(digit span test,DST)评估认知功能。主要比较4组的认知功能并通过多元回归
                分析相关的影响因素。结果:共纳入369例患者,其中T2DMH组105例、T2DM组106例、HTN组89例、HC组69例。T2DMH组
                胰岛β细胞功能指数(homeostatic model assessment of β⁃cell function,HOMA⁃β)高于 T2DM 组(P < 0.05),但葡萄糖处置指数
               (disposition index,DI)与 T2DM 组差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);两指标均低于 HTN 组及 HC 组(P 均< 0.05);其记忆力差于
                T2DM组、HTN组,各认知域指标均显著低于HC组(P均< 0.05)。认知功能与受教育年限、T2DM和HTN病史、胰岛功能等指标
                显著相关(P < 0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,受教育年限与认知功能呈正相关,T2DM、HTN病史与其显著相关,饮酒史及部
                分肾功能指标与认知功能存在不同程度关联(P均< 0.05)。结论:T2DM合并HTN患者存在更严重的代谢紊乱、脏器损伤及胰
                岛功能受损,其认知功能呈多维度显著下降,且程度重于单纯T2DM或HTN患者。T2DM、HTN病史与中老年人群认知功能下
                降呈显著独立关联,受教育年限较高及较好的肾功能、胰岛功能与认知功能可能呈保护性关联倾向,但其因果关系尚需前瞻性
                队列研究进一步验证。
               [关键词] 2型糖尿病;高血压;认知功能;饮酒;胰岛素抵抗;尿酸
               [中图分类号] R587.1                   [文献标志码] A                      [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2026)09⁃1277⁃09
                doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN260736


                Analysis of influencing factors on cognitive function in middle⁃aged and elderly patients

                with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by hypertension
                MA Mo,GAO Ming,QIAN Li,XU Lin,HE Rongbo,CAO Wei,CHEN Rourou,ZOU Jing,LIU Yu     *
                Department of Endocrinology,the Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211100,
                China


               [Abstract] Objective:To analyze the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)complicated by hypertension(HTN)and
                cognitive decline in middle⁃aged and elderly individuals,as well as the associated influencing factors. Methods:Middle⁃aged and
                elderly subjects who were treated at Sir Run Run Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from September 2020 to September
                2022 were enrolled and divided into four groups:patients with T2DM complicated by HTN(T2DMH group),patients with T2DM alone
               (T2DM group),patients with HTN alone(HTN group),and healthy controls(HC group). Clinical data were collected from the four
                groups. Cognitive and functional indicators were assessed using the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA),auditory verbal learning
                test(AVLT),trail making test(TMT)and digit span test(DST). Cognitive performance was compared among the four groups,and
                multivariate regression analysis was conducted to explore associated influencing factors. Results:A total of 369 patients were enrolled
                in this study. These patients were assigned to four groups:the T2DMH group(n=105),T2DM group(n=106),HTN group(n=89),and
                HC group(n=69). No statistically significant differences were observed in age and years of education among the four groups(P > 0.05),
                indicating good comparability. The T2DMH group had higher HOMA⁃β than the T2DM group(P < 0.05),but DI did not differ between

               [基金项目] 中国中医药科技发展中心中西医协同慢病管理研究(CXZH2024047)
                通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:drliuyu@njmu.edu.cn(ORCID:0000⁃0001⁃6012⁃5305)
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