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第41卷第11期        潘兆萍,佘广彤,王慧艳,等. 二甲双胍对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇母血和脐血长链脂肪酸的影响[J].
                 2021年11月                    南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2021,41(11):1592-1599                      ·1593 ·


                delivery in each group. Body mass index(BMI)before pregnancy and delivery,and pregnancy outcome were compared. The
                composition and content of long LCFA in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood were analyzed. Results:The weight gain during
                pregnancy in G2 group was lower than that in N group,G1 group and G3 group. Fasting blood glucose(FBG)in G2 and G3 group was
                higher than that in N group. The 2⁃hour postprandial glucose(2hPG)in G1,G2 and G3 group was higher than that in N group. HOMA⁃
                IR in G2 group was higher than that in N group,G1 group and G3 group(P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences
                in total cholesterol,triglyceride,free fatty acid in maternal blood and neonatal weight among the four groups(P > 0.05). The main 11
                kinds of LCFA in maternal blood and cord blood were analyzed by liquid chromatography,which were eicosenoic acid(EA),
                docosapentaenoic acid(DPA),linolenic acid(LA),α⁃linolenic acid(ALA),arochidonic acid(AA),docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),
                phosphatidic acid(PA),oleic acid(OA),eicosapentenoic acid(EPA),w⁃6⁃docosapentaenoic acid(DPA6),gamma linolenic acid
               (GLA). EA in G2 and G3 groups was higher than that in G1 group,while DPA in G2 group was higher than that in N group,G1 and G3
                groups(P < 0.05). The contents of EA,DPA,LA,ALA,PA,OA,EPA,DPA6 and GLA in umbilical cord blood were lower than those in
                maternal blood(P < 0.05). The levels of EA,LA,ALA,AA,DHA,PA,OA,EPA and GLA in maternal blood were significantly
                negatively correlated with FBG(P < 0.05). Conclusion:Metformin and insulin have the same effect in the control of neonatal weight,
                blood glucose and blood lipid in the treatment of GDM,and metformin is better than insulin in the control of pregnancy weight. It has
                no significant effect on the contents of important fatty acids such as LA and ALA in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood,and has
                no significant effect on the contents of AA and DHA in umbilical cord blood. From the perspective of effect on essential fatty acids,the
                use of metformin in GDM is safe.
               [Key words] metformin;insulin;gestational diabetes mellitus;long⁃chain fatty acid;maternal blood;umbilical cord blood
                                                                            [J Nanjing Med Univ,2021,41(11):1592⁃1599]





                    妊 娠 期 糖 尿 病(gestational diabetes mellitus,    28 周行 75 g 葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance
                GDM)指妊娠前糖代谢正常,妊娠期才出现的糖尿                           test,OGTT)阳性;④孕妇及家属签署知情同意书。
                病,近年来GDM患病率持续上升,并可引起流产、早                          75g OGTT 正常标准:空腹血糖(fasting blood glu⁃
                产、巨大儿、羊水过多等多种不良母婴结局 。二甲                           cose,FBG)及服糖后 1 h 血糖(1⁃hour postprandial
                                                      [1]
                双胍在 GDM 孕妇中应用的安全性和有效性不断被                          glucose,1hPG)、2 h血糖(2⁃hour postprandial glucose,
                证实。二甲双胍在调节血糖的同时可以降低血清                             2hPG)分别低于5.1、10.0、8.5 mmol/L,任何一点血糖
                           [2]
                脂肪酸水平 ,长链多不饱和脂肪酸(long chain                       值达到或超过上述标准,同时 FBG<7.0 mmol/L、
                polyunsaturated fatty acid,LC⁃PUFA)对于胎儿的大         2hPG<11.1 mmol/L 即诊断为 GDM 。排除标准:①
                                                                                                [4]
                脑和视神经发育尤为重要。二甲双胍可自由通过                             孕前有糖尿病、高血压病史;②有其他妊娠合并症
                胎盘屏障进入胎儿循环 ,是否会影响胎儿脂肪酸                            和并发症。研究对象诊断 GDM 后即进行饮食、运
                                     [3]
                尤其是 LC⁃PUFA 水平,相关报道较少,值得深入研                       动指导,监测血糖情况,观察 2~4 周,其中血糖控制
                究。本研究采用液相色谱⁃串联质谱法,精准测定口                           良好者 32 例为 G1 组,即 FBG<5.3 mmol/L,餐后
                服二甲双胍及胰岛素治疗的 GDM 孕妇血液和新生                          1hPG<7.8 mmol/L,餐后 2hPG<6.7 mmol/L 。血
                                                                                                         [5]
                儿脐血中长链脂肪酸(long⁃chain fatty acid,LCFA)构            糖控制不满意,即FBG>5.3 mmol/L和/或餐后2hPG>
                成、含量,结合血糖、血脂生化指标,探讨二甲双胍                           6.7 mmol/L 的患者,则需用药物控制血糖。按照
                对孕妇及胎儿体内必需脂肪酸的影响,从而评估二                            2015 年 FIGO 药物治疗 GDM 的标准,患者具备以下
                甲双胍的安全性。                                          条件之一,使用口服降糖药失败率较高,应直接选
                                                                  用胰岛素降糖:①妊娠20周前诊断为糖尿病;②妊娠
                1  对象和方法
                                                                  30 周后需药物控制血糖;③空腹血糖>6.1 mmol/L;
                1.1  对象                                           ④餐后1hPG>7.8 mmol/L;⑤孕期体重增加超过12 kg。
                    选取 2018 年 1 月—2020 年 12 月在南京医科大               若患者不符合以上条件,应选用二甲双胍为治疗的第
                                                                        [6]
                学附属常州妇幼保健院定期产检并住院分娩的单                             一选择 ,按随机法并自愿的原则,选择二甲双胍治
                胎GDM孕妇为研究对象,年龄22~39岁,纳入标准:                        疗者纳入G2组,共35例,后期需要联用胰岛素治疗
                ①常州市常住居民;②从事轻体力劳动;③在孕24~                          者予剔除,选择胰岛素治疗者纳入 G3 组,共 30 例,
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