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               ·1320 ·                           南 京    医 科 大 学 学         报                        2021年9月


              细胞凋亡,并刺激体外造血祖细胞的造血作用,说                                 643-653
              明 ERK1/2 和 p38 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶均参与了凋                     [5] FANG T,ZHOU X,JIN M,et al. Molecular mechanisms
                                                                     of mechanical load⁃induced osteoarthritis[J]. Int Orthop,
              亡信号通路的调控,但Nic能否通过激活α7⁃nAChR
              对关节软骨细胞的凋亡产生影响仍不清楚,本研究                                 2021[2021⁃04⁃01]. DOI:10.1007/s00264⁃021⁃04938⁃1
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              构建了 MIA 诱导的小鼠膝 OA 模型            [25] ,发现 MIA 可
                                                                     receptors:allosteric transitions and therapeutic targets in
              以明显诱导小鼠膝关节疼痛,Nic 对小鼠膝关节疼
                                                                     the nervous system[J]. Nat Rev Drug Discov,2009,8
              痛有明显的缓解作用,α7⁃nAChR 阻断剂 MLA 可以
                                                                    (9):733-750
              消除这种缓解作用,MIA 注射后可致小鼠膝关节面                          [7] PARAMONOV A S,KOCHAROVSKAYA M V,TSAREV
              软骨糜烂,软骨下骨暴露,软骨细胞显著减少,基质                                A V,et al. Structural diversity and dynamics of human
              染色重度减退,关节软骨退变评分和蛋白聚糖评分                                 three⁃finger proteins acting on nicotinic acetylcholine re⁃
              明显升高,软骨细胞凋亡率增加,Nic小鼠腹腔内给                               ceptors[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2020,21(19):7280
              药可明显阻断OA病理进程,软骨细胞凋亡率下降,                           [8] PHILLIPS M B,NIGAM A,JOHNSON J W. Interplay be⁃
              α7⁃nAChR阻断剂MLA可拮抗这种保护作用。                               tween gating and block of ligand⁃gated ion channels[J].
                                                                     Brain Sci,2020,10(12):928
                  对 Nic 凋亡调控机制的深入研究发现,MIA 可
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              破坏软骨细胞凋亡相关蛋白 Bax/Bcl⁃2 的稳态及促
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              进 cleaved caspase⁃9/caspase⁃9 比值升高,Bcl⁃2 通过
                                                                     attenuates collagen⁃induced arthritis in mice[J]. Arthritis
              抑制线粒体细胞色素C的释放而作为一种广泛的凋                                 Rheum,2009,60(1):114-122
              亡调节蛋白,参与调节线粒体的钙稳态和质子流。                            [10] TENG P,LIU Y,DAI Y,et al. Nicotine attenuates osteoar⁃
              相反,Bax则与线粒体膜上的孔蛋白相互作用并提高                               thritis pain and matrix metalloproteinase⁃9 expression via
              线粒体细胞色素C的通透性,从而导致线粒体中细胞                                the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor[J]. J Immunol,
              色素C的释放和caspase的活化,导致凋亡              [26-27] 。本研        2019,203(2):485-492
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              究发现 Nic 可以稳定 Bax/Bcl⁃2 的比例,并通过α7⁃
              nAChR 抑制 caspase⁃9 的裂解,提示α7⁃nAChR 可通                   joint degeneration and pain in male and female mice in
                                                                     DMM model of osteoarthritis[J]. Osteoarthritis Cartilage,
              过抑制线粒体介导的软骨细胞凋亡延缓小鼠膝骨
                                                                     2021,29(5):728-738
              关节炎关节软骨退变,α7⁃nAChR可成为OA治疗的
                                                                [12] 朱辰蕾,惠宇坚,张翔海,等. 烟碱对膝骨关节炎模型大
              新靶点。但需要注意的是,凋亡信号转导主要通路                                 鼠的保护作用及机制研究[J]. 南京医科大学学报(自
              不仅包括线粒体通路,还包括死亡受体通路、内质                                 然科学版),2014,34(2):129-134
              网通路等,这3种凋亡途径并非完全独立,在某些情                           [13] YANG H,WEN Y,ZHANG M,et al. MTORC1 coordi⁃
              况下它们存在相互联系,已有研究表明,Bcl⁃2 与线                             nates the autophagy and apoptosis signaling in articular
              粒体通路及死亡受体通路均关系密切                   [28] ,因此α7⁃         chondrocytes in osteoarthritic temporomandibular joint
              nAChR 是否在其他凋亡信号转导通路中发挥作用                              [J]. Autophagy,2020,16(2):271-288
              仍需要进一步研究。                                         [14] WON Y,SHIN Y,CHUN C H,et al. Pleiotropic roles of
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