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第42卷第9期          潘   雪,高春峰,邢玉斐,等. 伴随基因突变/扩增在肺癌患者中的变化及其临床意义[J].
                  2022年9月                    南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2022,42(09):1246-1252                      ·1247 ·


                and hepatocyte growth factor receptor(MET). A total of 50 newly diagnosed patients’blood samples were detected by NGS technology.
                The results showed that EGFR positive rate was 34%(17/50). Except EGFR mutation,there were 79 kinds of gene mutations/
                amplifications detected,with an average of 2.46 times/example,but without statistical difference in concomitant gene mutation/
                amplification among clinical stage,smoking status,age,gender and pathological classification groups in blood samples. A total of 46
                newly diagnosed patients’tissue samples were detected by NGS technology,of which EGFR positive rate was 50%(23/46). Except
                EGFR mutation,there were 160 kinds of gene mutations/amplifications detected,with an average of 6.20 times/example. There was no
                statistical difference in concomitant gene mutation/amplification between clinical stage and age groups in tissue samples(P>0.05).
                But in terms of smoking status,gender and pathological classification groups,there were statistically differences(U=74.000,P<0.001;
                U=130.5,P=0.003;F=8.968,P=0.011). At the same time,TP53 mutation or not had no statistical significance on survival rate(the
                           2                           2
                blood group:χ =0.321,P=0.571;the tissue group:χ =0.309,P=0.579). For the same patients,the frequency of gene mutation/
                amplification in the tissue group([3(1,8)])was higher than that in the blood group[3(0,1)],and the differences were statistically
                significant(W=-150,P =0.001). In the 17 patients with dynamic monitoring,there was no statistically significant difference in the
                frequency of concomitant gene mutation/amplification between the two groups before and after anti⁃tumor treatment(W=-3,P=0.916).
                Conclusion:There may be multiple parallel gene mutations/amplifications before the first⁃line treatment for lung cancer. Previous
                smoking and male patients are associated with higher levels of mutation/amplification status. Changes in the frequency of gene
                mutation/amplification cannot indicate disease progression,and TP53 mutation has no significant effect on the survival rate of patients.
               [Key words] lung cancer;genetic testing;gene amplification;mutation
                                                                            [J Nanjing Med Univ,2022,42(09):1246⁃1252]



                    2021年美国癌症协会数据报告,肺癌仍是目前                            纳入标准:①组织学或细胞学确诊的肺癌患
                人类死亡率最高(男性 22%,女性 22%)的肿瘤 。                       者;②年龄≥18岁。排除标准:①同时有其他恶性肿
                                                           [1]
                肺癌的恶性程度较高,病情进展较快,超过 70%的                          瘤;②存在可能影响随访和短期生存的其他严重疾
                患者在确诊时已出现局部或远隔器官的转移,失去                            病;③既往服用过 EGFR⁃TKI 等靶向药物、免疫药
                                     [2]
                了手术治疗的最佳时机 。表皮生长因子受体⁃酪                            物;④既往接受过化疗、放疗或其他治疗。共纳入
                氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor⁃         71例患者(132份标本)。
                tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR⁃TKI)已成为表皮生长        1.2  标本收集及患者随访
                因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)基      1.2.1 检测标本
                因敏感突变患者的一线标准治疗,建议初诊非小细                                肿瘤组织来源为气管镜下活检组织标本、肺穿
                胞肺癌患者完善新一代基因测序(next⁃generation                    刺活检组织标本,循环肿瘤 DNA(circulating tumor
                sequencing technology,NGS)检测 。NGS 检测除了            deoxyribo nucleic acid,ctDNA)检测标本为外周血
                                             [3]
                可为患者选择合适的靶向治疗外,还可以预测疗                             液、胸腔积液、脑脊液。
                效,发现耐药机制,同时能发现新的基因突变类型,                           1.2.2 标本收集
                为靶向药物研发提供依据 。本研究回顾性分析经                                血液、胸腔积液、脑脊液标本:收集患者用药前
                                       [4]
                NGS检测的71例肺癌患者的基因检测数据,并进一                          和耐药后全血(8 mL)或胸腔积液(8 mL)或脑脊液
                步分析其临床意义。                                        (3 mL),保存于streck管,并于管壁标记患者姓名及
                                                                  样品号,15~35 ℃条件下运输,72 h内运送至实验室。
                1  对象和方法
                                                                  4 ℃条件下,1 590 g离心10 min,收集上清至15 mL离
                1.1  对象                                           心管,4 ℃条件下 16 000 g 离心 10 min,再次收集上
                    纳入苏州大学附属第二医院 2015 年 12 月—                     清至新的15 mL离心管。封口膜封口后干冰运输。
                2020年7月入组的肺癌患者,依据气管镜、电子计算                             石蜡组织标本:收集患者肿瘤组织切片,要
                机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)引导下经皮                求 恶 性 肿 瘤 细 胞 占 比 ≥10% ,坏 死 组 织 区 域 ≤
                肺穿刺、胸腔积液病理结果明确诊断。患者或家属                            50%,标本编号标记规范清晰,石蜡组织标本切片
                均已签署书面知情同意书,本研究已经苏州大学附                            厚度 5 μm(防脱玻片),切片时摊片即可,无需烤
                属第二医院伦理委员会审批[(2013)伦审科研第                          片处理,取 6 周以内的石蜡切片,每组切片 15 张,
               (K11)号]通过。                                         常温或 2~8 ℃运输。
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