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3.2.4 piR⁃1245 (piRNAs)and cancer:emerging biological concepts and
在结直肠癌中,piR⁃1245的表达上调,起促癌作 potential clinical implications[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta
用 [29] 。piR⁃1245的表达水平与结直肠癌细胞的增殖 Rev Cancer,2019,1871(1):160-169
率呈正相关。在结直肠癌细胞中,抑制piR⁃1245可 [4] LU S H,WANG T,ZHANG G,et al. Understanding the
proteome encoded by“non⁃coding RNAs”:new insights
以激活 p53 通路,从而抑制细胞增殖,诱导细胞坏
into human genome[J]. Sci China Life Sci,2020,63(7):
死和凋亡。piR⁃1245 影响癌症相关基因,通过抑制
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几种肿瘤抑制基因的RNA水平发挥致癌作用,包括
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tions of piRNAs in human diseases[J]. Mol Ther Nucleic
激活转录因子3(ATF3)等在内的9个功能相关的癌 Acids,2020,21:108-120
症基因 [29] 。结直肠癌患者预后不良与 piR⁃1245 表 [6] LITWIN M,SZCZEPANSKA⁃BUDA A,PIOTROWSKA
达上调有关,piR⁃1245 高表达患者的总生存期较 A,et al. The meaning of PIWI proteins in cancer develop⁃
短。由此表明,piR⁃1245 是结直肠癌患者可靠的预 ment[J]. Oncol Lett,2017,13(5):3354-3362
后生物标志物。 [7] CHEN S L,BEN S,XIN J Y,et al. The biogenesis and bio⁃
logical function of PIWI⁃interacting RNA in cancer[J]. J
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综上所述,piRNA 在结直肠癌组织与血清中异
piRNAs in cancer:challenges and prospects[J]. Aging,
常表达,提示piRNA 可能调控了结直肠癌的发生发
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展。此外,piRNA 诊断性能优于常用生物标志物,
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RNA:its biogenesis and functions[J]. Annu Rev Bio⁃
为 piRNA 为结直肠癌诊断与预后提供了新的可 chem,2015,84:405-433
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几方面:①深入对piRNA 在结直肠癌发病调控机制 [11] ZHU H,WU L F,MO X B,et al. Rheumatoid arthritis⁃as⁃
的研究;②确定结直肠癌中 piRNA 的整体表达谱; sociated DNA methylation sites in peripheral blood mono⁃
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③增加实验所用结直肠癌临床监测样本量;④尽可
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断和预后生物标志物的价值会得到全面和更深入
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es DNMT3B⁃mediated SOAT1 methylation and improves
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heart failure[J]. Aging,2022,14(6):2678-2694
cases and 10.0 million cancer deaths in 2020[EB/OL].
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(2020-12-15)[2023-07-06]. https://www.iarc.who.int/
tumor oncogenic activity in esophageal squamous cell car⁃
fr/featured⁃news/latest⁃global⁃cancer⁃data⁃cancer⁃burden⁃
cinoma through DNA methylation induction via DNA
rises⁃to⁃19⁃3⁃million⁃new⁃cases⁃and⁃10⁃0⁃million⁃cancer⁃
methyltransferase 3B[J]. Pathol Res Pract,2020,216
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signature as promising non⁃invasive diagnostic and prog⁃ way guards the germline genome against transposable ele⁃
nostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer[J]. Cancer Manag ments[J]. Adv Exp Med Biol,2016,886:51-77
Res,2019,11:3703-3720 [17]WANG C,LIN H F. Roles of piRNAs in transposon and
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