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第44卷第10期                           南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
                 2024年10月                   Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences)     ·1441 ·


               ·综 述·

                2型糖尿病患者脆性骨折风险增加的机制



                林赟赟,程 鹏       *
                南京医科大学第一附属医院老年内分泌科,江苏                 南京 210029




               [摘   要] 2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)是以高血糖、胰岛素抵抗为特征的代谢性疾病,易导致多个系统出现并
                发症,如神经病变、肾病、视网膜病变和骨病等。骨质疏松性骨折具有高发病率、高病死率和高医疗资源消耗的特点,是重大公
                共卫生问题。与非糖尿病患者相比,T2DM患者发生脆性骨折的风险增加,尽管患者可能表现为骨密度正常或增加,但骨质量
                受损是该人群骨脆性增加的主要原因。T2DM患者骨脆性增加的机制很复杂,受到多种因素影响,如肥胖、高血糖、胰岛素抵
                抗、氧化应激、微血管并发症和晚期糖基化终产物的积累等,这些因素可能导致骨代谢、结构和强度的改变。其他因素如低血
                糖和随之而来的跌倒倾向增加,以及某些抗糖药物对骨骼和矿物质代谢的直接影响,可能导致该人群的骨折风险增加。文章
                对这些影响因素的作用机制进行简单综述。
               [关键词] 2型糖尿病;脆性骨折;危险因素;机制
               [中图分类号] R587.1;R683               [文献标志码] A                     [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2024)10⁃1441⁃07
                doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN240408



                Mechanisms of increased risk of fragility fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

                LIN Yunyun,CHENG Peng  *
                Department of Gerontoendocrinology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,
                China



               [Abstract] Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,often
                leading to complications in multiple systems,including neuropathy,nephropathy,retinopathy,and bone diseases. Osteoporotic
                fractures are particularly concerning public health issues due to their high incidence,significant fatality rate,and substantial
                consumption of medical resources. Compared to non ⁃ diabetic individuals,patients with T2DM have an elevated risk of fragility
                fractures. Despite often having normal or increased bone density,the primary cause of this increased fracture risk is impaired bone
                mass. The mechanisms underlying increased bone fragility in T2DM patients are complex and multifactorial,involving obesity,
                hyperglycemia,insulin resistance,oxidative stress,microvascular complications,and the accumulation of advanced glycation end
                products. These factors can lead to alterations in bone metabolism,structure,and strength. Additionally,other factors,such as
                hypoglycemia and the associated increased risk of falls,as well as the direct effects of certain antidiabetic medications on bone and
                mineral metabolism,may further contribute to the heightened fracture risk in this population. This review provides a concise overview
                of the mechanisms by which these factors influence bone fragility in patients with T2DM.
               [Key words] type 2 diabetes mellitus;fragility fracture;risk factor;mechanism
                                                                            [J Nanjing Med Univ,2024,44(10):1441⁃1447]






                    由于人口老龄化进程加快,骨质疏松症和 2 型                        死亡率在全世界范围内不断上升。脆性骨折被认
                                                                                         [1]
                糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)的患病率和           为是 T2DM 的并发症之一 ,与非 T2DM 患者比较,
                                                                  T2DM 患者的骨折风险大 、术后并发症增多、住院
                                                                                        [2]
               [基金项目] 国家自然科学基金(82170898)                          时间延长、住院病死率增加、行走能力和身体功能
                ∗                                                 的恢复减慢、疼痛和抑郁的发生率增加、养老院永
                通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:cphh@sohu.com
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