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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版) 第44卷第9期
·1310 · Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) 2024年9月
·综 述·
塑料颗粒对人体健康影响的研究进展
冯亚慧 ,李 灼 ,李文静 2*
1
1
南京医科大学附属儿童医院急诊医学科,药学部,江苏 南京 210008
1 2
[摘 要] 随着塑料制品在全球的大量使用,塑料污染日趋严重,由塑料破碎形成的塑料颗粒近年来受到广泛关注。塑料颗
粒的来源多种多样,可以通过呼吸道吸入、消化道摄入、皮肤直接接触等方式进入人体,再通过氧化应激、炎症反应等机制对人
体多个系统造成影响;另外,塑料颗粒还可与添加剂、重金属、细菌、病毒等有毒污染物共暴露,对人体产生影响。文章从塑料
颗粒的定义、来源、进入人体的方式、检测方法以及对人体各个系统的影响进行总结,为后续防治塑料污染以减少塑料颗粒对
人体的有害影响提供思路。
[关键词] 塑料颗粒;微塑料;纳米塑料;人体健康;影响
[中图分类号] X503.1 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2024)09⁃1310⁃08
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN231204
Research progress on the impact of plastic particles on human health
1 1 2*
FENG Yahui ,LI Zhuo ,LI Wenjing
1 2
Department of Emergency Medicine,Department of Pharmacy,Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210008,China
[Abstract] With the widespread use of plastic products globally,plastic pollution is becoming more and more serious. Plastic
particles formed by the breakdown of plastics have received significant attention in recent years. There are various sources of plastic
particles. Plastic particles can enter the human body through respiratory tract inhalation,digestive tract intake,direct skin contact and
other ways,and then affect multiple systems of the human body through oxidative stress,inflammatory response and other mechanisms.
In addition,plastic particles can also be co⁃exposed with additives,heavy metals,bacteria,viruses and other toxic pollutants,which
have an impact on the human body. This review summarizes the definition and sources of plastic particles,their entry into the human
body,detection methods and their effects on various human systems. It serves as a theoretical basis for subsequent efforts in preventing
and mitigating plastic pollution and reducing the harmful impact of plastic particles on human health.
[Key words] plastic partical;microplastic;nanoplastic;human health;impact
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2024,44(09):1310⁃1317]
塑料颗粒按照直径可以分为>50.0 cm 的巨型
1 塑料颗粒的定义
塑料,>5.0~50.0 cm 的宏观塑料,0.5~5.0 cm 的中塑
塑料制品因其密度低、用途多样、耐用、易成 料 ,以及<5.0 mm 的微塑料,而< 0.1 mm 的塑料碎
[3]
[1]
[4]
型、耐腐蚀和耐燃烧等优点 ,在全球广泛使用。塑 片被定义为纳米塑料 。塑料颗粒根据其形态,可
料释放到环境中后,在化学风化、光氧化、生物分解 以分为纤维、碎片、薄膜、颗粒、泡沫和微珠等,在大
和机械力等持续过程的影响下,结构完整性被破 部分地区,纤维是主要存在形态,有研究对中国烟
坏,最终碎片化成塑料颗粒 ,塑料颗粒在环境中大 台、英国伦敦和法国巴黎大气中塑料颗粒形态进行
[2]
量积累,最终导致一系列的环境问题。 分析发现,纤维分别占比95%、92%和100%,而对德
国汉堡和法国比利牛斯山脉大气中塑料颗粒形态
[基金项目] 江苏省药学会——奥赛康医院药学基金(A201910) 进行分析发现,95%为碎片。纤维的质量较轻,更容
[5]
∗ 易悬浮在空气中,因此其丰度较高 。
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:liwenjing_599@163.com

