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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)                                  第45卷第3期
               ·418 ·                     Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences)   2025年3月


             ·综 述·

              U2 snRNP:肿瘤发生发展中的关键介质



              李建璋,张洁贞,周          琳 *
              长沙医学院医学检验学院临床生化教研室,湖南 长沙                    410219




             [摘    要] U2 小核糖核蛋白(small ribonucleoprotein,snRNP)是一种在人体细胞核剪切过程中发挥关键作用的剪接体。
              mRNA的成熟,包括5′和3′末端的加工、剪接和转运,都与U2 snRNP密切相关。在剪接体组装中,U2 snRNP对内含子分支位点
              序列进行识别。在机体内U2 snRNP 维持了人体内必需修复因子的转录。另外其可防止转录位点形成R 环结构并直接促进
              DNA修复。研究表明,U2 snRNP在多种人类肿瘤组织中存在,并且其主要特征是核心成分基因的突变和核心组分的表达水平
              升高。这些变化进一步影响了肿瘤细胞的迁移、增殖、侵袭等,是肿瘤发生发展的关键因素。鉴于U2 snRNP在肿瘤中的分子
              调控作用,其有望成为临床诊治和药物治疗的新靶点。文章旨在全面回顾U2 snRNP在癌症中的作用机制。
             [关键词] U2 snRNP;肿瘤;剪接体;突变;信号通路
             [中图分类号] R730.2                    [文献标志码] A                      [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2025)03⁃418⁃08
              doi: 10.7655/NYDXBNSN240736


              U2 snRNP:a key mediator in tumorigenesis and development

              LI Jianzhang,ZHANG Jiezhen,ZHOU Lin *
              Department of Clinical Biochemistry,College of Clinical Laboratory,Changsha Medical University,Changsha
              410219,China


             [Abstract] U2 small ribonucleoprotein(snRNP)is a kind of splicing body that plays a key role in the process of human nuclear
              splicing. The maturation of mRNA,including the processing,splicing and transport of 5′ and 3′ ends,is closely related to U2 snRNP.
              The intron branching site sequence is identified by U2 snRNP in splice assembly. U2 snRNP maintains the transcription of essential
              repair factors in the body. In addition,it can prevent the transcriptional site from forming R⁃loop structure and directly promote DNA
              repair. Studies have shown that U2 snRNP exists in a variety of human cancer tissues,and its main feature is the mutation of its core
              component gene and the increased expression level of core component. These changes further affect the migration,proliferation,
              invasion and other cellular behaviors of tumor cells,and are the key factors in the occurrence and development of tumor. In view of the
              molecular regulatory role of U2 snRNP in tumors,it is expected to become a new target for clinical diagnosis,treatment and drug
              therapy. The purpose of this article is to comprehensively review the mechanism of U2 snRNP in cancer.
             [Key words] U2 snRNP;tumor;splicing body;mutation;signal pathway
                                                                            [J Nanjing Med Univ,2025,45(03):418⁃425]





                  内含子存在于绝大多数人类基因中,而基因的                          去除内含子,将外显子连接起来,从而编码蛋白
              表达离不开转录这一关键步骤。在转录过程中,基                            质。这一剪接过程的准确性对于绝大多数生命活
              因的DNA序列被转录为前体mRNA(pre⁃mRNA),这                     动至关重要 。小核糖核蛋白(small ribonucleopro⁃
                                                                           [1]
              些pre⁃mRNA分子含有内含子和外显子序列。为了                         tein,snRNP)作为一种剪接体,对人体内前体mRNA
              生成成熟的mRNA,必须经过剪接过程,该过程涉及                          进行剪接,它们通过碱基配对识别内含子剪接位
                                                                点,组织蛋白质剪接因子的组装,并催化切割和连
             [基金项目] 湖南省教育厅重点项目(23A0660)
              ∗                                                 接反应。snRNP 是一种动态大分子复合体,主要由
              通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail: Linzhou12@126.com
             (ORCID:0009⁃0001⁃9740⁃1980)                        5 个富含尿苷的小核糖核蛋白复合体(U1、U2、U4、
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