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径等中均有富集（图2E、F）。 死因子的应答，SLC7A11 参与炎性细胞凋亡过程
同时，分析结果发现部分 DEG 参与 PANoptosis （表1）。
相关的生物功能，如 TREM2 基因参与焦亡，H19、 2.2 COPD患者肺免疫细胞浸润的改变
BOK 参 与 上 皮 细 胞 凋 亡 过 程 ，CCL24、CALCA、 进一步对样本基因表达数据进行去卷积分析，
GBP3、POSTN、ADAMTS12、VCAM1 参与对肿瘤坏 获取各样本中细胞组成变化，并对两组样本中细胞

A B
Count
Group
3
2 Control
COPD
1
6 KRT13
0
STATH -1
-2
value） 4 PCAT14 ITLN1 KRT6A -3
（P IGHG1 CPA4
⁃lg LDHC ANKRD20A9P
2
STFPA2

0
-5.0 -2.5 0 2.5
log2 （fold change）

C D
Cell component Biological process
External side of plasma membrane Humoral immune response
Collagen⁃containing extracellular matrix Activation of immune response
Plasma membrane signaling receptor complex Leukocyte migration
Apical parl of cell Count Myeloid leukocyte migration Count
T cell receptor complex 5 Extracellular matrix organization 4
Secretory granule lumen 10 Extracellular structure organization 8 12
15
Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen External encapsulation structure organization 16
Immune response⁃regulating cell
Vesicle lumen P.adjust surface receptor signaling pathway P.adjust
0.20
Blood microparticle Leukocyte chemotaxis
0.15
Anchored component of membrane Antimicrobial humoral response
0.10 0.010
Collagen trimer 0.05 Complement activation 0.005
Clathrin⁃coated endocytic vesicle Phagocytosis，recognition
Dendrite membrane Complement activation，classica pathway
Cornified envelope Negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis
Lamellar body Negative regulation of mononuclear cell migration
0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.02 0.040.060.080.10
Gene ratio Gene ratio
E F
Molecular function KEGG pathway
Receptor ligand activity Cytokine⁃cytokine receptor interaction
Signaling receptor activator activity Hematopoietic cell lineage
Glycosaminoglycan binding Pertussis Count
Carbohydrate binding Count Complement and coagulation cascades 2
Viral protein interaction with
Endopeptidase regulator activity 3 cytokine and cytokine receptor 4
Peptidase regulator activity 6 T cell receptor signaling pathway 6
Cytokine activity 9 Cell adhesion molecules 8
12 10
Extracellular matrix structural constituent
15 Staphylococcus aureus infection
Endopeptidase inhibitor activity Protein digestion and absorption P.adjust
P.adjust
Peptidase inhibitor activity NF⁃kappa B signaling pathway 0.30
Growth factor receptor binding 0.06 Primary immunodeficiency 0.25
Monocarboxylic acid transmembrane 0.04 0.20
transporter activity Pyruvate metabolism 0.15
Peptidoglycan binding 0.02 0.10
Malaria
Complement binding Butanoate metabolism
Hyaluronic acid binding Collecting duct acid secretion
0.025 0.050 0.075
Gene ratio 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100
Gene ratio
A：A volcano plot illustrates the differential expression of genes. B：Comparison of gene expression between the two groups for differentially ex⁃
pressed genes. C-E：GO analysis of the differentially expressed genes. F：KEGG analysis of the differentially expressed genes.
图2 COPD患者肺部基因表达改变
Figure 2 Altered gene expression in the lungs of COPD patients