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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)                                  第45卷第6期
               ·816 ·                     Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences)   2025年6月


             ·临床研究·

              基于全外显子组测序的1 096例智力障碍或全面性发育迟缓患

              儿遗传学病因构成分析



              傅绿函,施 玮,张胜男,王春莉,郑必霞,贾占军,周                       玮 ,张爱华
                                                                *
              南京医科大学附属儿童医院儿科学重点实验室,江苏                   南京 210008



             [摘    要] 目的:研究全外显子组测序(whole exome sequencing,WES)对智力障碍(intellectual disability,ID)或全面性发育迟
              缓(global developmental delay,GDD)儿童的遗传学病因诊断价值,并分析中国患儿群体的遗传特征。方法:选取2019年1月—
              2021年12月在南京医科大学附属儿童医院就诊的ID/GDD患儿作为研究对象,纳入标准符合临床指南定义的发育里程碑显著
              落后且排除非遗传性因素(如围生期缺氧、感染、代谢异常等)。回顾性分析患者家系全外显子组测序(Trio⁃whole exome se⁃
              quencing,Trio⁃WES)或先证者模式WES序列变异与拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV),参照美国医学遗传学与基因组学
              学会指南对变异进行致病性分级,将致病性和可能致病性变异定义为阳性结果。结果:共纳入1 096例ID/GDD患儿,年龄范围
              1月龄~15岁,年龄中位数为24(12,48)个月,男716例,女380例。总体阳性率为35.31%(387/1096),其中单基因变异271例和
              CNV 116例。单基因变异中,MECP2基因变异最常见,主要导致Rett综合征,占4.43%(12/271),其次为SYNGAP1、DDX3X等基
              因;CNV中,5.17%(6/116)为非整倍体变异,7q11.23区域缺失变异最为常见,关联威廉姆斯综合征,占8.62%(10/116)。单基因
              变异患者中,71.96%(195/271)为常染色体显性遗传,19.93%(54/271)为X连锁遗传。经一代测序验证,271个单基因变异家系
              中,68.27%(185/271)为新生(de novo)变异。临床表型关联分析显示,单纯ID/GDD组阳性率高于合并孤独症谱系障碍组或合
              并注意力缺陷多动障碍组(P < 0.05)。结论:WES联合CNV 分析可显著提升ID/GDD 的分子诊断率,中国患儿中MECP2变异
              与7q11.23缺失呈现高频特征。de novo变异是本研究队列中ID/GDD患儿遗传学病因的主要贡献因素。研究结果支持将WES
              作为临床一线诊断方案。
             [关键词] 智力障碍;全面性发育迟缓;全外显子组测序
             [中图分类号] R749.94                   [文献标志码] A                      [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2025)06⁃816⁃10
              doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN241492


              Genetic etiology analysis of 1 096 patients with intellectual disability or global
              developmental delay based on whole exome sequencing

                                                                                               *
              FU Lühan,SHI Wei,ZHANG Shengnan,WANG Chunli,ZHENG Bixia,JIA Zhanjun,ZHOU Wei ,ZHANG Aihua
              Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics,Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210008,
              China



             [Abstract] Objective:To investigate the molecular diagnostic value of whole exome sequencing(WES)in the genetic etiology of
              intellectual disability(ID)or global developmental delay(GDD)and to analyze of genetic characteristics in the Chinese cohort.
              Methods:Patients with ID/GDD who were enrolled in Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2019 to
              December 2021 were selected as the study objects. Inclusion criteria adhered to clinical guidelines for significant developmental
              milestone delays,with exclusion of non⁃genetic factors(e. g.,perinatal hypoxia,infection,metabolic abnormalities). We retrospectively
              analyzed sequence variants and copy number variations(CNVs)detected by Trio⁃ whole exome sequencing(Trio⁃WES)or proband⁃only
              WES,classifying variants according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics(ACMG)guidelines,with pathogenic
             (P)/likely pathogenic(LP)variants defined as positive results. Results:1 096 patients with ID/GDD ranged in age from 1 month to 15
              years,with a median age of 24(12,48)months,including 716 males and 380 females. The overall positive diagnostic rate was 35.31%
             (387/1 096),with monogenic variants identified in 271 patients and CNVs in 116 patients. Among the monogenic variants,MECP2
              gene was the most common one(12/271,4.43%),primarily associated with Rett syndrome,followed by SYNGAP1 and DDX3X. For
             [基金项目] 江苏重点研发计划社会发展项目(BE2023663)
              通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:weizhou@njmu.edu.cn(ORCID:0000⁃0002⁃7972⁃4807)
              ∗
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