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第45卷第7期 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
2025年7月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) ·1017 ·
·综 述·
衰弱评估对老年患者心脏手术临床结局影响及干预方法的研
究进展
张春燕,王昊天,陈 宇 *
南京医科大学第一附属医院麻醉与围手术期医学科,江苏 南京 210029
[摘 要] 衰弱是老年人常见的一种多维度临床综合征,其定义多样,多数文献认为衰弱是一种以生理储备下降和脆弱性增
加为特点的非特异性状态。随着老年患者心脏手术量日益增加,衰弱对老年心脏手术患者的影响越来越受临床医师重视。文
章简述了术前衰弱的评估方法,就衰弱对心脏术后临床结局的影响展开综述,如增加不良预后和术后并发症发生率、降低患者
术后生命质量以及增加医疗费用等,总结了针对老年心脏病衰弱患者的干预管理方法,有助于明确干预和治疗的目标,改善患
者的临床预后及生存质量。
[关键词] 衰弱;心脏手术;老年患者
[中图分类号] R654.2 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2025)07⁃1017⁃09
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN250257
Research progress on the influence of frailty assessment on clinical outcome and
intervention methods for cardiac surgery in elderly patients
ZHANG Chunyan,WANG Haotian,CHEN Yu *
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,
Nanjing 210029,China
[Abstract] Frailty is a common multi⁃dimensional clinical syndrome in the elderly,with diverse definitions. Most literature considers
frailty as a non⁃specific state characterized by a decline in physiological reserves and increased vulnerability. As the number of elderly
patients undergoing cardiac surgery increases,the impact of frailty on these patients has gained increasing attention from clinicians.
This article briefly describes the assessment methods of preoperative frailty,and reviews the impact of frailty on the clinical outcomes
after cardiac surgery,such as increased risks of adverse prognosis and postoperative complications,reduced the postoperative quality of
life of patients,and higher medical costs. Additionally,it summarizes the intervention and management strategies for frail elderly
patients with heart disease,aiming to clarify the goals of intervention and treatment,and enhance the survival outcomes and quality of
life of patients.
[Key words] frailty;cardiac surgery;elderly patients
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2025,45(07):1017⁃1025]
心血管疾病在老年人群中具有极高的发病率, 为全球致死率最高的心脏疾病,约占心脏病相关死
其中冠状动脉疾病(coronary artery disease,CAD)作 亡的 45.1% 。在临床治疗领域,冠状动脉旁路移
[1]
植术(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)被广泛
视为左主干病变或复杂三支血管病变患者实现血
[基金项目] 中华国际医学交流基金会中青年研究专项基
运重建的金标准术式 。近年来,伴随人口老龄化
[2]
金(Z⁃2018⁃35⁃2101)
加剧,接受 CABG 及心脏瓣膜置换术等高风险心脏
∗
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:chenyu_njmu@126.
[3]
com(ORCID:0000⁃0003⁃3031⁃7909) 手术的老年患者比例显著上升 。尽管现代心脏外

