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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版) 第45卷第7期
·1042 · Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) 2025年7月
·综 述·
颈动脉血管周围脂肪组织的影像学研究进展
李雯漪,李 澄,周 丹 *
南京医科大学附属明基医院放射科,江苏 南京 210019
[摘 要] 颈动脉血管周围脂肪组织(perivascular adipose tissue,PVAT)是一种特殊类型的脂肪组织,其与颈动脉外膜在解剖
结构上紧密相连,并具有独特的组织学特征和生理功能特性。与普通脂肪组织不同,PVAT通过内分泌和旁分泌机制释放多
种生物活性分子,与邻近的血管壁细胞相互作用,参与调控局部炎症反应和血管稳态。PVAT的炎症状态与颈动脉粥样硬化
斑块的形成、进展及易损性密切相关,同时也在脑血管病变的发生发展中发挥重要作用。近年来,随着影像学技术的快速发
展,无创评估PVAT的炎症状态成为可能。这些技术的应用为早期识别脑血管疾病高风险患者提供了新的工具,并有望优化
脑血管疾病的预防策略和个性化治疗。文章系统综述了颈动脉PVAT的病理生理机制、影像学评估技术的最新进展及其在临
床中的应用价值。
[关键词] 血管周围脂肪组织;颈动脉CT血管成像;动脉粥样硬化;脑血管疾病
[中图分类号] R814.42 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2025)07⁃1042⁃09
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN250222
Imaging research advances in carotid artery perivascular adipose tissue
LI Wenyi,LI Cheng,ZHOU Dan *
Department of Radiology,the Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210019,China
[Abstract] Perivascular adipose tissue(PVAT)of the carotid artery is a specialized type of adipose tissue closely adjacent to the
arterial adventitia,possessing unique anatomical and functional characteristics. Unlike ordinary adipose tissue,PVAT releases a
variety of bioactive molecules through endocrine and paracrine mechanisms,interacting with adjacent vascular wall cells and
participating in the regulation of local inflammatory responses and vascular homeostasis. The inflammatory status of PVAT is closely
associated with the formation,progression,and vulnerability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques,while also playing a critical role in the
development and progression of cerebrovascular diseases. In recent years,with the rapid advancement of imaging technologies,non⁃
invasive assessment of PVAT inflammation has become feasible. These techniques provide new tools for early identification of high⁃risk
patients with cerebrovascular diseases and hold promise for optimizing preventive strategies and personalized treatment. This article
systematically reviews the pathophysiological mechanisms of carotid PVAT,the latest advances in imaging assessment techniques,and
their clinical application value.
[Key words] perivascular adipose tissue;carotid CT angiography;atherosclerosis;cerebrovascular disease
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2025,45(07):1042⁃1050]
脑卒中是我国成年居民死亡及残疾的首位病 中是最常见的脑卒中亚型,占我国新发卒中的
[1]
[4]
[2]
因 ,发病率总体保持稳定,患病率呈上升趋势 , 69.6%~72.8% ,大动脉粥样硬化是其主要病因,其
动脉粥样硬化是其主要的病理机制 。缺血性脑卒 中颅外段颈动脉粥样硬化占比 15%~20% 。炎症
[3]
[5]
在颈动脉粥样硬化中发挥着重要作用,血管周围脂
肪组织(perivascular adipose tissue,PVAT)是一种特
[基金项目] 南京市卫生科技发展专项资金(ZKX24064)
殊的脂肪结构,兼具内分泌和旁分泌功能,已被证
∗
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:Danny.zhou@Benq⁃
[6]
medicalcenter.com(ORCID:0000⁃0002⁃8961⁃5276) 实在血管炎症中起重要作用 。与传统的血清炎症

