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第45卷第7期 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)
2025年7月 Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) ·1051 ·
·综 述·
婴幼儿营养风险现状及其筛查方法的研究进展
石鑫玥,沙丽君,李晓南 *
南京医科大学附属儿童医院儿童保健科,江苏 南京 210008
[摘 要] 婴幼儿时期是生长发育的关键阶段,这一时期的营养状况不仅影响体格生长发育,更为一生的健康打下坚实基
础。然而,婴幼儿时期具有快速生长发育和新陈代谢、多系统功能不成熟以及感染性疾病频发的特点,使他们面临较高的营养
风险。文章梳理了国内外相关研究,阐述了婴幼儿营养风险的现状,以及与营养风险相关的影响因素包括环境、年龄、疾病因
素、高危儿等。全面介绍现有的婴幼儿营养风险筛查量表的设计、使用方法、适用范围和局限性,以及在住院、门诊及特殊场所
开展婴幼儿营养风险筛查的临床意义。文章旨在引起儿科临床医师对婴幼儿营养问题的高度重视,积极开展营养风险筛查工
作,以便早期识别营养风险,最终实现规范化、科学化的营养管理。
[关键词] 婴幼儿;营养风险;筛查工具
[中图分类号] R153.1 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2025)07⁃1051⁃08
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN250076
Research progress on the current status of nutritional risk and its screening methods for
infants and young children
SHI Xinyue,SHA Lijun,LI Xiaonan *
Department of Child Health Care,Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210008,China
[Abstract] Early childhood is a critical stage of growth and development,and the nutritional status of this period not only affects
physical growth and development,but also lays a solid foundation for lifelong health. However,due to the rapid growth and metabolic
characteristics of infants and young children,coupled with the immaturity of multiple physiological systems and the high incidence of
infectious diseases,they face nutritional risks. This review synthesizes relevant domestic and international studies to elucidate the
current landscape of infant nutrition risk,as well as the associated influencing factors such as environment,age,disease,and high⁃risk
conditions. The paper also shows the design,application,scope,and limitations of existing infant nutrition risk screening tools,along
with the clinical significance of nutritional risk screening for infants and young children in inpatient,outpatient clinics,and specialized
settings. The primary objective of this paper is to raise awareness among pediatric clinicians regarding infant nutrition issues and to
promote proactive nutritional risk screening,thereby facilitating early identification of nutritional risks and ultimately achieving
standardized and scientific nutrition management.
[Key words] infant;nutritional risk;screening tool
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2025,45(07):1051⁃1058]
儿童早期营养对整个生命周期的健康至关重 期异常发育 ,还会增加成年期内分泌及代谢性疾
[1]
要。生命初期营养不足会导致早期生长受限、青春 病的风险 。2018年美国儿科学会(American Acad⁃
[2]
emy of Pediatrics,AAP)指出,婴幼儿期营养对儿童
生长发育和终身健康极为重要,建议儿科医生重视
[基金项目] 南京儿童医院医学发展医疗求助基金(2020
此时期的营养状况。2022 年欧洲儿科胃肠肝病营
09072⁃1)
∗ 养学会(European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterol⁃
通信作者(Corresponding author),E ⁃ mail:xnli@njmu.edu.cn
(ORCID:0000⁃0002⁃4193⁃143X) ogy,Hepatology and Nutrition,ESPGHAN)提出需对

