Page 140 - 《南京医科大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第9期
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南京医科大学学报(自然科学版) 第45卷第9期
·1352 · Journal of Nanjing Medical University(Natural Sciences) 2025年9月
·综 述·
脊髓损伤后早期并发症最新治疗研究进展
葛同飞,李文博,凡 进 *
南京医科大学第一附属医院骨科,江苏 南京 210029
[摘 要] 脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)是一种严重的中枢神经系统疾病,具有极高的致残率和致死率,通常由外伤致脊
柱爆裂骨折引起,常见原因包括交通事故、高处坠落和跌倒等。SCI后的患者会出现运动和感觉功能的缺失,并可能引发多种
并发症,如呼吸功能障碍、心血管功能障碍、病理性疼痛、肌肉痉挛、神经源性膀胱以及肠道功能障碍等,不仅给患者带来极大
的身心痛苦,还严重影响其生活质量和预后。早期手术干预可能挽救部分神经功能,而康复训练也是不可或缺的治疗手段。
SCI的并发症管理需要多学科团队的密切协作,有效的预防和治疗措施能够显著减轻患者的痛苦,并延长其生存期。文章综
述了SCI早期并发症的最新研究进展,旨在为临床医生提供参考,以优化患者的治疗方案,改善生活质量。
[关键词] 脊髓损伤;并发症;治疗;进展
[中图分类号] R683.2 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007⁃4368(2025)09⁃1352⁃10
doi:10.7655/NYDXBNSN250184
Research progress on the newest treatment of early complications after spinal cord injury
*
GE Tongfei,LI Wenbo,FAN Jin
Department of Orthopedics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,China
[Abstract] Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a severe central nervous system disorder with a high rate of disability and mortality. It is
typically caused by traumatic vertebral burst fractures,resulting from incidents such as traffic accidents,falls from a height,or slips.
After injury,patients often experience loss of motor and sensory functions,along with various complications,including respiratory
dysfunction,cardiovascular disorders,pathological pain,muscle spasms,neurogenic bladder,and gastrointestinal dysfunction. These
complications not only cause significant physical and psychological distress but also severely impair patients’quality of life and long⁃
term prognosis. Early surgical intervention may partially salvage neural function,while rehabilitation training is also the essential
therapeutic approach. The management of complications requires close collaboration among multidisciplinary teams. Effective
preventive and therapeutic measures can significantly alleviate pain of patients and prolong survival. This review summarizes the latest
research progress on early complications of SCI,aiming to provide references for clinicians to optimize treatment plans and improve the
quality of life for patients.
[Key words] spinal cord injury;complications;treatment;progress
[J Nanjing Med Univ,2025,45(09):1352⁃1361]
脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)是一种复杂且 感觉功能,还会对损伤平面以下的其他系统和器官
严重的疾病,多因外伤引起,具有极高的致残率和 产生广泛的影响 。根据病理机制,SCI分为原发性
[1]
致死率。SCI不仅影响神经损伤平面以下的运动和 损伤和继发性损伤,原发性损伤是由于创伤暴力导
致椎体骨折、脱位、韧带损伤等,直接压迫脊髓所
致。继发性损伤是一个更为复杂的过程,包括细胞
[基金项目] 江苏省人民医院高层次人才培育计划(第一
通透性增加、细胞凋亡、脱髓鞘、兴奋性毒性、缺血
期)(CZ0121002010039)
以及纤维瘢痕形成等病理过程 [2-3] ,这些变化会导致
∗
通信作者(Corresponding author),E⁃mail:fanjin@njmu.edu.cn
(ORCID:0000⁃0001⁃8293⁃2028) 局部内环境紊乱,引发炎症反应,从而进一步加重

