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第46卷第1期           葛怀廷,王 刚,付美芝,等. 癫痫患者认知功能障碍的影响因素及模型构建—— 基于
                  2026年1月            NHANES数据库分析[J]. 南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2026,46(1):94-102                 · 101  ·


                医生判断患者的认知风险。②高尿酸血症可能加                                  al MRI study on brain dynamic functional connectivity in
                重认知功能障碍,因此,采取措施降低血尿酸水平                                 children and adolescents with refractory temporal lobe
                至关重要。通过饮食管理(如减少高嘌呤食物的摄                                 epilepsy[J]. Journal of Zunyi Medical University,2024,
                入)、增加水分摄入以及在医生指导下使用药物(如                                47(4):392-400
                                                                 [2] OPERTO F F,PASTORINO G M G,VIGGIANO A,et al.
                别嘌醇)来实现,定期监测尿酸水平,以确保其在正
                                                                       Epilepsy and cognitive impairment in childhood and
                常范围内,有助于减轻神经损伤和认知功能的下
                                                                       adolescence:a mini ⁃ review[J]. Curr Neuropharmacol,
                降。③血清 25(OH)D 的增加与认知功能改善密切                             2023,21(8):1646-1665
                相关,可以通过阳光照射、增加富含维生素D的食物                          [3] CHAI X,XIAO Z,ZHAO Q,et al. Cognitive impairment
               (如脂肪鱼、鸡蛋、强化食品)和补充维生素D来提高                                as a comorbidity of epilepsy in older adults:analysis of
                血清25(OH)D水平。尤其在老年癫痫患者中,应考                              global and domain⁃specific cognition[J]. Epileptic Disord,
                虑补充维生素D以降低认知障碍的风险。④教育程                                 2023,25(1):65-73
                度与认知功能的保护有密切关系,因此,通过认知                           [4] DONG X,FAN J,LIN D,et al. Captopril alleviates epilep⁃
                                                                       sy and cognitive impairment by attenuation of C3⁃mediat⁃
                训练和教育干预可以提升患者的认知能力。可以
                                                                       ed inflammation and synaptic phagocytosis[J]. J Neuroin⁃
                参加脑力训练课程、社交活动以及其他智力挑战活
                                                                       flammation,2022,19(1):226
                动,帮助患者维持和提高认知功能。此外,家庭和
                                                                 [5] BRAUN K P J. Preventing cognitive impairment in chil⁃
                社区的支持也非常重要,可以为患者提供一个积极                                 dren with epilepsy[J]. Curr Opin Neurol,2017,30(2):
                的学习环境。                                                 140-147
                    综上所述,癫痫患者认知功能障碍的发生率较                         [6] ALI H,SHAHZAD M,SARFRAZ S,et al. Application
                高,且受到血尿酸、NfL、血清 25(OH)D 和教育程度                          and impact of Lasso regression in gastroenterology:a
                等因素的影响,基于 Lasso 回归构建的癫痫患者认                             systematic review[J]. Indian J Gastroenterol,2023,42
                知功能障碍预测模型显示出良好的预测效能。通                                 (6):780-790
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                过综合管理和预防策略,包括定期监测、控制血尿
                                                                       achieving transparency and reproducibility in NHANES
                酸和维生素 D 水平、提高教育程度以及有效管理癫
                                                                       research[J]. Database,2024,2024:baae028
                痫发作,可以有效降低癫痫患者认知功能障碍的发
                                                                 [8] DING R,HAN Z,GUI J,et al. Inflammatory properties of
                生率。综合的干预措施不仅可以改善患者的生活                                  diet mediate the effect of epilepsy on moderate to severe
                质量,还可以促进其认知健康。                                         depression:results from NHANES 2013⁃2018[J]. J Affect
                   利益冲突声明:                                             Disord,2023,331:175-183
                   所有作者声明无利益冲突。                                  [9] SAMSON M E,YEUNG L F,ROSE C E,et al. Vitamin
                   Conflict of Interests:                              B⁃12 malabsorption and renal function are critical consid⁃
                   The authors declare no competing interests.         erations in studies of folate and vitamin B⁃12 interactions
                   作者贡献声明:                                             in cognitive performance:NHANES 2011⁃2014[J]. Am J
                   葛怀廷负责研究设计、数据分析和文章撰写;王刚、付美                           Clin Nutr,2022,116(1):74-85
                芝、魏伟负责文献检索、数据整理;曲立新、聊娜娜负责研究                      [10]ZHU B,CAO M,WU Q,et al. Exploring the association
                指导、论文审阅。                                               between low ⁃ dose aspirin intake and hyperuricemia in
                   Author’s Contributions:                             individuals over 40:a cross⁃sectional study using NHANES
                   GE Huaiting was responsible for research design,data anal⁃  data(2011⁃2018)[J]. Med Sci Monit,2023,29:e939546
                ysis,and article writing;WANG Gang,FU Meizhi,and WEI  [11]WANG L,DING J,ZHU C,et al. Semaglutide attenuates
                Wei were responsible for literature search and data organization;  seizure severity and ameliorates cognitive dysfunction by
                QU Lixin and LIAO Nana were responsible for research guid⁃  blocking the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 in⁃
                ance and paper review.                                 flammasome in pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice[J]. Int J
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                                                                 [12]WANG M,CUI C,JIN F. Research progress on the corre⁃
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                    青少年难治性颞叶癫痫脑动态功能连接研究[J]. 遵义                         Turk Neurosurg,2022,32(3):347-356
                    医科大学学报,2024,47(4):392-400                    [13]CASAGRANDE S S,LEE C,STOECKEL L E,et al. Cog⁃
                    HE Y L,RAN H F,XIE Y X,et al. Resting state function⁃  nitive function among older adults with diabetes and
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